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| 0705 |
Southern Tibet : vol.7 |
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has a dark green colour. As so many other lakes in the interior of Asia, the Jarin-
nor and Orin-nor diminish in size or, in other words, dry up.» Prshevalskiy
finds several proofs of this theory; as: »The gradually drying pools in depressions
along the shores which formerly have been bays and inlets, the extended swamps
along Saloma, at the sides of the lower course of the Jagiyn-gol and along the river
entering near its mouth, finally both recent and old beach-lines, the latter being here
and there visible at some distance from the present shore line.»
Prshevalskiy also talks of much rain in the middle and end of July. The
Jagiyn-gol had then at the fords a breadth of 50 to 65 m. and a depth of one meter.
At the same season Prshevalskiy was told that the Hwang-ho after having left the
Orin-nor could not be forded, so he had to desist from a planned visit at that im-
portant place. Kosloff crossed the river just where it leaves the lake.¹
While the Satlej has been cut off from the Rakas-tal since 150, or 200 years,
the Yellow River still uninterruptedly flows out of Orin-nor. The Ngangga channel
is only periodically in function, whereas the channel between Jarin-nor and Orin-nor
always has flowing water. The source lakes of the great Chinese river give us an
excellent idea of the state of things which prevailed at the source lakes of the great
Indian river only a few hundred years ago. At that time the Ngangga continually
carried water, and the Satlej uninterruptedly streamed out from the Rakas-tal. On
the other hand, the Manasarovar and Rakas-tal show us the fate awaiting the Jarin-
nor and Orin-nor if the dryness of the climate will continue for a sufficient length
of time. For then the superfluous water of the Orin-nor will not be sufficient to
feed the Hwang-ho, the river will dwindle, and finally no water will flow out through
its bed. Later on the surface of the Orin-nor will continue to sink until the difference
in absolute altitude between it and the surface of the Jarin-nor which is now only
3 meters, will approach the present difference in the altitude of Manasarovar and
Rakas-tal, which is 13 meters. But even at that period the channel will periodically,
that is to say, during moist years, carry some water. Simultaneously the two lakes
which now are somewhat larger than the Manasarovar and Rakas-tal, will lose in
area, especially the Orin-nor.
The two pairs of lakes are surrounded by regularly folded mountain ranges
and ramifications from them, the main ranges running from N. W. to S. E. or from
W. N. W. to E. S. E. Between these ranges stretch latitudinal valleys with rivers.
Immediately along the exterior shore of the exterior lake, or west of Rakas-tal and
east of Orin-nor, ramifications from the main ranges are running, and in both cases
the outgoing rivers, the Satlej and the Hwang-ho, have found an escape to the
latitudinal valleys they follow through the peripheric regions.
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681
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693
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703
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773
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788
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801
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833
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848
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864
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876
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888
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