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| 0414 |
Southern Tibet : vol.7 |
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His journey was an extremely important step forwards in our knowledge of
this very complicated world of mountains. He has hardly been surpassed by any
subsequent traveller in this region, and clearer and more correctly than his prede-
cessors, he drew up the principal lines of orography and hydrography north of the
Kara-korum. Whilst SEVERTSOFF reduced HUMBOLDT'S systems into three, the Altai,
the Tian-shan and the Himalaya, HAYWARD, both in words and maps emphazises
that the Kwen-lun and the Kara-korum are two distinctly separated ranges. But
Severtsoff had never seen the Kara-korum. Hayward wisely recommends the name
Kara-korum for the whole system, though on his map he has also entered the older
name, Muztagh, known from STRAHLENBERG'S map 135 years before. He distin-
guished between the Western and Eastern Kwen-lun, the Kara-kash River being
the boundary, a distinction that could not be improved by PRSHEVALSKIY'S extra-
ordinary »Russian Range» for the latter. A real and necessary improvement was,
on the other hand, RICHTHOFEN'S division in the Western, the Central and the
Eastern Kwen-lun, founded upon deeper knowledge of Chinese geographical literature.
Asiatic exploration had to sustain a heavy and deplorable loss the day when Hayward
was murdered in the midst of his successful work.
Even after Hayward's journey the spirit of HUMBOLDT still dominated the
older geographers of the time. After Hayward's paper was read, Sir RODERICK
MURCHISON said that Hayward's researches to a great extent sustained the broad
views of Humboldt. In Humboldt's sketch-map of 1844¹ we see the Kwen-lun laid
down as a distinct chain, separated from the Himalayan and Kara-korum chains on the
south and from the Tian-shan on the north; in their western prolongation these chains
are traversed by the Bolor, of which the high Pamir plateau forms the eastern edge.²
More surprising still is what Sir HENRY RAWLINSON said:
Baron Humboldt had always maintained that there were two great chains running
through this part of Asia, and that where they approached each other they were connected
by a transverse chain. Mr. Hayward had fully established the truth of that view, and
had also shown that the rivers rising to the west of the transverse chain flowed towards
the Oxus, while all those rising to the east flowed towards the centre of the Chinese Empire.³
If Hayward had proved anything, it was that Humboldt's transverse ridge
connecting the Kwen-lun, Kara-korum and Himalaya, did not exist in reality. And
even D'ANVILLE knew that rivers rising here far in the west did not flow to the
centre of China. The discussion proved that the speakers did not at all understand
the importance of Hayward's journey.
A year later Hayward's last letters were published. They were written on
his way from Astor up to Gilgit, Yasin and Darkote, where he met his fate. That
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541
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552
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563
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583
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635
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656
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666
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681
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693
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704
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714
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726
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737
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747
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758
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773
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788
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801
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813
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833
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848
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864
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876
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888
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