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| 0376 |
Southern Tibet : vol.7 |
Citation Information
OCR Text
240
parts of the Kara-korum System, for even when the journey of NAIN SING proved
that the high peaks of Nien-chen-tang-la did not only exist in the Chinese sources
translated by KLAPROTH and used by RITTER, it could not be known that Nien-
chen-tang-la should be regarded as belonging to the southern Kara-korum System.
Nor could it be known, although, perhaps, faintly suspected by some German geo-
graphers, that Father HUC'S Tang-la could be the continuation of the northern, water-
parting Kara-korum. It is, however, worthy of notice, that a kind of compensation
exists between the Himalayan and Kara-korum folds, so that the former reach their
culmination points in the east, the latter in the west.
We now come to the important journey of W. H. JOHNSON across our mountain
system to Khotan, in 1865.¹ He started from Leh and went through Chang-chenmo
and followed an eastern road over Aksai-chin to Khotan, and returned by Sanju
and the ordinary road of the Kara-korum Pass. Only ADOLPH SCHLAGINTWEIT
had proceeded so far before him, though he did not visit the city of Khotan itself.
The greatest importance of his journey consisted in the political and commercial in-
formation he brought back from Eastern Turkestan. On his map, Pl. LIV, he has
drawn a very considerable meridional range at 80½° East. long., which in his opinion,
is not only a geographical boundary line between the high plateaux of Chang-tang
in the east and the more complicated mountainous country between the Kara-korum
and Kwen-lun in the west, — but also a political frontier between Tibet and the
Maharaja of Kashmir. The great Kara-korum Range on his map comes to an end
not far east of the Kara-korum Pass in a labyrinth of small irregular ranges, where
no great orographical lines can be traced. The Kwen-lun is marked as one very
definite principal range, from which several ramifications issue to both sides. On
the whole, and as Johnson could not know any details of the Schlagintweits' journeys,
his map must be said to be comparatively good for 1865.
Johnson touched the west end of Panggong-tso, crossed the Másimik² Pass
to Pamchalan (= Pamsal) in Chang-chenmo, and went up this valley to Kiam and
Lumkang. The Lumkang Pass was found to be situated in a range forming the
northern boundary of the Chang-chenmo valley. On Johnson's map this valley
originates from the above-mentioned meridional range. His Lumkang Pass must be
equivalent to Chang-lung-yogma, being on the watershed (19,501 feet) between the
Indus and the Tibetan plateau-land. He gives a good description of the country
beyond the pass:
I then marched in a northerly direction on high extensive table-lands, which might
be called plains in comparison with the rugged ranges of the Himalayas, for they have
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773
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788
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801
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833
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848
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864
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876
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888
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