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| 0711 |
Southern Tibet : vol.7 |
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The Panggong Lakes have a length of no less than 155 km., while the breadth is
at many places only 1,2 km., at the most 5,6 km., and as an average 2,4 km.
They are much more like a gigantic river than a series of lakes. Day after day
you travel along their northern shores to the west and N. W., and at every rocky
promontory you have a new splendid view of narrow water between the mountains
in front of you. During my journey in 1901 I considered them only a series of
lakes, and I got the same impression as Huntington that their long bed in the valley
was due to glacier action. But having seen neighbouring parts of the Indus valley
at the end of 1907 and having studied the problem, I feel perfectly convinced that
the Panggong Lakes are a river whose water has been dammed up by secular
movements of the surface in connection with the rise of the mountain ranges, and
that thus the theory of Oldham must be correct. There has been either a regular
upheaval of the ground which was greatest in the west and which gradually
diminished to the east leaving the region around Noh and Tso-nyak nearly untouched,
or a sinking of the ground with its maximum in the east around Noh, and leaving the
region of the threshold between the lake and the Drugub river unmoved. It seems
improbable that the rise of the ground should have been a local phenomenon taking
place only where the threshold is now situated, for then we should expect much
greater depths in the western part of the Panggong-tso. My two sounding lines
across the Panggong-tso proper started, the one from my Camp CXLV towards the
S. 65° W., and the other from Camp CXLVIII towards the S. 26° W. The deepest
point on the former line was 40 m., and on the latter 47,5 m., both nearly in the
middle of the lake and at a distance of 25 km. from one another. The second
line was at a distance of 17 km. from the western end of the lake, so very possibly
the bottom of the lake basin may sink some meters to the N. W. before the definite
rise begins towards the N. W. end of the lake and further to the threshold. Accepting,
however, the 47,5 m. as the greatest depth of Panggong-tso, we find that the bottom
of the valley, from the eastern shore of the Tso-nyak to this point sinks only 47,5 m.
in a distance of 138 km. Taking a section of the neighbouring Indus we only need
to travel 46 km. to find a sinking of 50 m., viz., from my Camp CCLXI, Na-gangkal,
4229 m. high, to Camp CCLXIV, Lungkung, 4179 m. high.
Of course, the ground of the lake basins does not fall regularly from east to
west, though as a rule the depth increases in that direction, and the deepest point
measured in Panggong-tso is 16 m. deeper than the deepest point in Tso-ngombo.
At four places between the different lake basins, the ground of the valley even rises
above the surface of the lakes. Here Drew's theory of the talus fans may no doubt
be of use.
Gar-gunsa is at an altitude of 4287 m., Lungkung at 4179 m., both are situated
in the straight Gartang-Indus valley and at a distance of 140 km. from one another;
66. VII.
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833
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848
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864
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876
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888
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