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| The Book of Ser Marco Polo : vol.1 |
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Citation Information
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CHAP. V. NAYAN'S COUNTRY
345
KAULI is properly Corea, probably here a district on the frontier thereof, as it is improbable that Nayan had any rule over Corea. E" The Corean kingdom proper could not be a part of the prince's appanage. Marco Polo might mean the northern part of Corea, which submitted to the Mongols in A.D. 1269, with sixty towns, and which was subordinated entirely to the central administration in Liao-yang. As to the southern part of Corea, it was left to the king of Corea, who, however, was a vassal of the Mongols." (Palladius, 32.) The king of Corea (Ko rye, Kao-li) was in 1288 Chyoung ryel wang 0274-1298); the capital was Syong-to, now Kai syeng (K'ai-ch'eng).
—H. C.]
BARSKUL, " Leopard-Lake," is named in Sanang Setsen (p. 217), but seems there M indicate some place in the west of Mongolia, perhaps the Bar kul of our maps.
This Barskul must have been on the Manchu frontier. [There are in the Yuen-shi the names of the department of P'u yii-lu, and of the place Pu-to-ho, which, accord-
ing to the system of Chinese transcription, approach to Barscol ; but it is difficult to prove this identification, since our knowledge of these places is very scanty ; it only remains to identify Barscol with Abalahu, which is already known ; a conjecture all the more probable as the two names of P'u-yü-lu and Pu-lo-ho have also some resemblance to Abalahu. (Palladius, 32.) Mr. E. H. Parker says (China Review, xviii. p. 261) that Barscol may be Pa-la ssú or Bars Koto [in Tsetsen]. " This seems the more probable in that Cauly and Chorcha are clearly proved to be Corea and Niuché or Manchuria, so that Bars Koto would naturally fall within Nayan's appanage." —H. C.]
The reading of the fourth name is doubtful, Sichui; iu, Sichingiu (G. T.), Sichinting iu, etc. The Chinese name of Mukden is Shing king, but I know not if it be so old as our author's time. I think it very possible that the real reading is Sinchintine-in, and that it represents SHANGKING-TUNGKING, expressing the two capitals of the Khitan Dynasty in this region, the position of which will he found indicated in No. IV. map of Polo's itineraries. (See Schott, Aelteste Nachrichten von Mongolen and Tartaren, Berlin Acad. 1845, pp. 11-12.)
[Sikintinju is Kien chau " belonging to a town which was in Nayan's appanage, and is mentioned in the history of his rebellion. There were two Kien-chow, one in
the time of the Kin in the modern aimak of Khorchin ; the other during the Mongol
Dynasty, on the upper part of the river Ta-ling ho, in the limits of the modern aimak of Kharachin Plan chow Yuen lew k'ao) ; the latter depended on Kuang-ning ( Yuen-
ski). Mention is made of Kien-chow, in connection with the following circumstance.
When Nayan's rebellion broke out, the Court of Peking sent orders to the King of Corea, requiring from him auxiliary troops ; this circumstance is mentioned in the
Corean Annals, under the year 1288 (Kao li shi, ch. xxx. f. I I) in the following
words :—` In the present year, in the fourth month, orders were received from Peking to send five thousand men with provisions to Kien-chow, which is 3000
li distant from the King's residence.' This number of li cannot of course be
taken literally ; judging by the distances estimated at the present day, it was about 2000 li from the Corean K'ai-ch'eng fu (then the Corean capital) to the
Mongol Kien-chow ; and as much to the Kien-chow of the Kin (through Mukden and the pass of Fa-k'u mun in the willow palisade). It is difficult to decide to which of these two cities of the same name the troops were ordered to go, but at any rate, there are sufficient reasons to identify Sikintinju of Marco Polo with Kien-chow." (Palladius, 33. )--H. C.]
We learn from Gaubil that the rebellion did not end with the capture of Nayan. In the summer of 1288 several of the princes of Nayan's league, under Hatan
(apparently the Abkan of Erdmann's genealogies), the grandson of Chinghiz's brother
Kajyun [Hachiun], threatened the provinces north-east of the wall. Kúblái sent his grandson and designated heir, Teimur, against them, accompanied by some of his
best generals. After a two days' fight on the banks of the River Kweilei, the rebels were completely beaten. The territories on the said River Kweilei, the Tiro, or Torro, and the Liao, are mentioned both by Gaubil and De Mailla as among those which
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