crossed by Andrade's route to the lakes and Rudok. It is disappointing to find Reg. Cabul north of the Kailas. But north of Montes Tebetici is Tibet Reg. North of Lassa is Tanchut Regn., and north of Tibet is Regn. Cascar. But the towns of Eastern Turkestan have to be sought for in quite different parts of Asia. Not the slightest attempt to reconcile the routes of different travellers has been made. On Marco Polo's route we find Cotarn, Peim, Ciartiam (Cherchen), Desertum Lop (infestum diabolicis illusionibus), Camul, etc., and on BENEDICT GOES' route, a long way south of Marco Polo's, we read Hiarchan (Yarkand), Acsu, Turphan etc., and between these two routes there is a tremendous system of mountains called Caucasus nions. In the text he says that the Langur of Grueber must be the same mountains as Ptolemy's Caucasus and Parapanisus. But as these are the Himalayas and their western continuation, the Caucasus of the map, occupying the place of Kwen-lun, is the same as the system which he calls Montes Tebetici. Of the Himalaya system he thus seems to have made two different systems, between which Tibet and Cascar have been placed.
There is another proof that the Montes Tebetici are really meant to be the Himalayas and that is the situation of Lassa at their northern foot. From Lassa the route of Grueber and Dorville crosses the Montes Tebetici and the Langur mons before reaching Cadmendu, so it is difficult to understand how he could say in his text that Langur was the same as Cåucasus. On the map they are as far apart as Peking and Macao. Lassa Reg. is south of the Montes Tebetici. The route of the missionaries, from Cadmendu to Hedonda, I Mutgari and Battana,2 crosses between the two last mentioned cities a big river which is difficult to identify. No conclusions can be drawn from the names. As the mysterious Lake Kia is missing on this map, the river might be supposed to have taken the place of the western river issuing from that lake and to be the Brahmaputra. But, on the other hand, it is situated south-west of Nepal, and thus ought to represent one of the tributaries of the Ganges. The two great mountain systems do not help us very far. For, if Caucasus mons is meant to be Himalaya, the river rises on the southern slope of the Himalaya and is a Gangetic tributary. If Montes Tebetici represent the only Himalaya of the map, then the river pierces the Himalaya and is the Brahmaputra, which seems the more likely as a city, Bengala, is situated near its mouth in the Gulf of Bengal. The river has thus not the same delta with the Ganges, which does not interfere, as the Jumna also reaches the sea without
joining the Ganges.
If Grueber had really nothing more to tell about his journey from the Great Wall to Lhasa, one understands how this distance has become so short on the map. Tronnier has traced the route to be approximately the same as Huc's and
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