366 RÉSUMÉ OF THE NORTHERN ROAD.
This part of the country is somewhat more populated with nomads than the
interior parts of Transhimalaya. Along the southern shore of Teri-nam-tso we saw I I tents in all, and at the lower Soma-tsangpo 6 tents. Mendong-gompa has 6o monks and 4o nuns as I was told, though this number may be exaggerated. Above the monastery, and also on the Soma river were several tents and great flocks. In Goalung, 4 tents. At and near Karong-tso, 5 tents; near Camp 418, 3 tents, and not far off several more; north of Merke-sang, 2 tents, and near Camp 420, 3; at many places on the Buptsang-tsangpo tents were seen. In the district of Tsaruk-gunsa, on the Buptsang-tsangpo, 3o tents are said to remain during the winter; in summer they are said to move over to the west side of the Lunkar range, when they use the
pass of Pechen-la; 3o or 40 tents remain over winter in Bongba-kyangrang and pass the summer at Buptö, the upper part of Buptsang-tsangpo. At Camp 423, near the mouth of Buptsang-tsangpo, there were several tents. On the southern shore of Tarok-tso 2 tents could be seen. Near Lunkar-gompa were 1 o tents, and several at some distance. At Camp 425 six tents were pitched; on the Gyänor-tsangpo, 2. At Camp 427 four tents, and at Camp 428 five. North of Men-la, in the valley of the Nyap-chu there are some 5o tents in all. On the Surle-tsangpo 3 tents, and on the upper course of the same river 4. Along the Pedang-tsangpo we saw 19 tents in all. To the shores of Nganglaring-tso, the nomads travel in autumn and winter.
To discover the administrative boundaries was as difficult as usual on account of the very different information one obtains from different nomads. Camp 414, on the lower Soma-tsangpo, belongs to Bongba-chushar, west of which is the district of Bongba-kyangrang; west of Goa-la is Bongba-kemar, within the boundaries of which Camps 417 and 418 were situated. S.E. of the latter camp is Bongba-kyangrang, and to the west Bongba-kebyang. Camp 422 was in the eastern part of Bongba-tsaruk, whereas the western part of the same district is said to be situated west of Pechen-la near Bongba-paryang and Hor-toshot or Toshot-horpa or Toshot. Camp 423, near the mouth of Buptsang-tsangpo, is in Tarok-shung or Gyalam-shung of Bongba-tarok, which is the district round Tarok-tso. Camp 425 is, however, said also to belong to Bongba-tarok. In this district a special tax is laid upon salt: 1 o sheep-loads salt pay one tenga to the Gova of Bongba-tabie, who delivers this income to Devasllung-. Bongba-tabie is north of Tarok-tso, round Tabie-tsaka; east of it is Bongba-changma.
Camp 427, Poru-tso, is in Bongba-yeke, which is the last Bongba district to the west. Camp 428 belongs to Rigi-hloma; Rigi-changma is west of Surla. South of Men-la is a part of Bongba-paryang, and south of Bongba-paryang a part of Hor-toshot, Rigi-hloma and Rigi-changma are under the jurisdiction of the Garj5uns of Gartok. East of Ka-la are the districts of Bongba-tabie, Bongba-changma and Bongba-parma. The lower Pedang-tsangpo is said to flow through the district of Rusar. West of the Pedang range is Rundor, which, by some informants, was
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