CHAPTER XLIV.
RÉSUME OF THE NORTHERN ROAD.
The itinerary from Teri-nam-tso to Nganglaring-tso which I have described in the preceding pages does not, as might be believed at first sight, simply follow the northern edge of the Central Transhimalaya. On the contrary, it also helps us in a very essential way to clear up the complicated orography of the system. From this point of view, the northern itinerary is of incomparably higher value than the itinerary in the valley of the upper Tsangpo, which not only tells us nothing about the orographical arrangement, but rather gives us a false impression, for the innumerable buttresses and mountain shoulders, which, in reality, belong to different ranges, all seem to belong to one long range along the northern bank of the Tsangpo and Raga-tsangpo. The northern itinerary, on the other hand, crosses at least five different ranges of the Central Transhimalaya.
The most characteristic law in common for all these ranges is their stretching from N.W. to S.E. Two of them, Surla and Pedang, are even meridional in their northern parts. The Teri-nam range which was crossed in two passes and is pierced by the Soma-tsangpo, stretches W.N.W.—E.S.E. The N.W. part of the Lapchung range, which comes to an end at Tarok-tso, is a boundary, at the N.E. side, of the lower course of the Buptsang-tsangpo, while the upper course of this river is bounded by the western half of Kanchung-gangri. The high and well defined range of Lunkar, which was crossed in Lunkar-la, was determined in the whole of its course by my fifth line of crossing, along the Buptsang-tsangpo and over Samye-la; this range is in immediate connection with the Lunpo-gangri, to which belong the highest peaks of Transhimalaya, except Nien-chen-tang-la, the same which had been measured by Wood from the south. The Lunpo-gangri seems to continue in the mountains north of Saka-dsong, and then in the Chomo-uchong group and, finally, in the range situated between the Raga-tsangpo and the Tsangpo. At Ladse-dsong, this range is pierced by the Tsangpo and, further east, seems to follow the southern bank of the Tsangpo. As far as I have been able to make out, this is the only example where the Tsangpo does not form the southern boundary of the Transhimalaya, which is also in accordance with Col. Burrard's view, for the southern branch of this Kailas range is pierced by the Tsangpo.
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