On our way to the south appears more and more sharply defined the mighty range with the continental water-parting.
The region round Camp 151 on the left bank of the Targo-tsangpo is called Tsangdam, and the height is here 4 758 m. To the S. 3o° W, is a secondary pass, Paklam-la, and beyond it the mountains of Angden-la. The whole range to the south and S.W. was here called Gangri-tau or Gangri-do; it was called simply Do by other informants. A part of it, to the S. 55° W., is called Gangrimasa, and another, to the S. 69° W., is Tsari-nakpo; S. 85° W. is a saddle in the range with a road westwards, gradually turning to the much-heard-of pass, Barongla or Parung-la, mentioned above; from a distance it seems to be situated in a low mountain-bridge or connection between Targo-gangri and the range west of it; over it a five days' road is said to go to Largäp-chagma, a district probably west or S.W. of the southern corner of Dangra-yum-tso. To the N. 73° W. Punkar is a small peak with snow. A fairly great valley at its eastern side is called Lungring, with its tributary Tarlung; both seem to come from the connecting link between Targo-gangri and the western range.
From Tsangdam the road goes south-westwards, slowly diverging from the Targo-tsangpo after having crossed its two terraces on the left hand, the lower 4, the upper 31/2 m high. The valley through which the river issues from the mountains is clearly seen, and the bed of its upper part is full of ice; on the second crossing we saw the place where the river enters this little range; here, where it leaves it, the valley is as narrow and impracticable as in its upper part. The connection of Barong-la between the two ranges shows itself more clearly as we proceed, although its morphology remains impossible of discovery. The Targo-gangri sends out six glaciers to the west and S.W., smaller even than those to the east and N.E.
The water-parting between the Targo-tsangpo and the Shuru-tso is curious, for it is a plain, as level as the frozen lake itself, and it is impossible to discover where the culmination is. The height is 4 763 m, or some 40 m above the surface of Shuru-tso. There are no traces of running water, no ravines, no undulations, the whole plain is perfectly level, and the hard ground consists of fine gravel. This plain was once covered with water, and the Dangra-yum-tso and Shuru-tso formed one single lake, which is obvious from the fact that the Dangra-yum-tso is surrounded by 90 m high beach-lines and lacustrine terraces.
Near the shore of Shuru-tso the road suddenly descends a 6 m high terrace; farther on, this terrace becomes higher and has a steep fall to a lower terrace along the shore. The upper terrace is about 3o m high, and cut through by ravines, some with rounded, others with sharp sides. The greatest of them is Sharma, some 6o or 7o m broad near the shore; its right side is almost perpendicular, and shows that it is cut through clay and sand; the bottom is gravel. The next ravine is called Lungchun; just in its prolongation the water was open near the shore; otherwise the
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