THE ROAD TO LA-ROK. 259
tite prevail. A black ridge to the west is called Tsabu. Camp 123, Kabalo, is at 4 344 m. Here the valley from the pass Tukung joins the Pema-nakbo-tang valley which comes from the mountainous region Napcha in the N.E. Up the Pemanakbo there is a road to Chingdu, a name we had heard of several times before; it is said to be a region with good pasture-grounds and inhabited by many nomads. From Kabalo it is three days' journey to Chingdu, and the way is said to cross three passes. Pema-nakbo is a left tributary to the Rung-chu; therefore the Ta-la, although nearly 200 m higher than Dangbä-la, is of less hydrographical importance.
From Kabalo the following geographical objects are visible: S. i 7° V.J. a peak Adchu-ri ; S.W. Pee-ri, a mountain a few miles off; S. 72° W. mount Ayang; N. 85° W. a great valley Gula with a road to Ngartang and Rung. To the N.W. Talang is a considerable group, N.E. of which is seen the valley of Kyashova; N. 3o° W. is the region Larkok and N. 2 2° W. a valley Chachung-pu; N. i 8° E. the valley Yamdo; N. 35° E. mount Kori-yung; to the N.E. the valley Tachen-napta-shar, to the south of which is Lungchung, and further south Lalung and Santong, — all situated in the neighbourhood.
The road follows the Pema-nakbo valley down; it is fairly broad, to the right or west it is bounded by a mighty range with many transverse valleys, all of them containing frozen brooks; the ground is sandy, some tussock-grass appears. The watercourse is bounded by well developed erosion terraces. Tributaries from the right are : Migmang, Samalung, Damnga-tang and a valley from the pass Luk-la, over which a road goes to a well populated tract on the Rung-chu; at Changma there are a few huts. From the left : Santong-la-ongma, Pendha and Lalung, two of which are mentioned above. Arung-kampa is a fort in ruins and a village in the middle of the valley. The region round Camp i 24 is called Shepa-kava; there is also a dsong- in ruins called Dokang-pe; therefore the place is also called simply Dokang, and the brook of Pema-nakbo also Do-chu.
After having passed a little plain or widening of the valley, Yülung-tanka, and left to the right a small monastery, Chega-gompa on a hill at the foot of mount Hasha, the river pierces the mountains at Chomo-nyupcha and goes between dark, steep rocks down to Rung-chu. The junction takes place at Tsolung, below which the joint valley is called Amnak-rung. After a short run the river enters the plain of Ye. Dongra and Gasa are mountains on its left side. All these places are situated a little to the west of the road, which takes a more S.E. direction up to the pass La-rok, which is only 4 440 m high, but well known all round and even north of the Pabla. Another low pass is situated a little further east with a road to a valley called Chimser. The ground is sandy, not gravelly as hitherto; on the pass are heaps of blocks. On and beyond the pass the living rock is porphyritic granite and
turmalin-quartzite.
The slope down from the La-rok is not regular, for here the road crosses
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