国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

344   NGANGTSE-TSO.

expeditions, both Pundit and European. I For Kyaring-tso the height of 4 502 m is given, which seems unreliable. These lakes are generally surrounded by comparatively low ranges and ridges, and only Nam-tso has very high mountains on its southern side.

I camped at 12 different places on the shores of Ngangtse-tso during the last days of December and in the beginning of January 1906-1907. The lake is at a height of 4 694 m. It is oblong, but curved as it were, turning its convexity to the north. The mountains to the south of the lake have been described in a preceding chapter. The mountains to the north are relatively low, and one has to proceed 82,5 km northwards to reach a pass (Pike-la) which is only 500 m above the level of Ngangtse-tso. To the east the country is very open, forming an extensive basin, in which Marchar-tso is situated. To the west a wide plain stretches to the foot of the hills on the eastern shore of Dangra-yum-tso.

At the northern vertex of the lake a valley, Laän, with a brook from springs, pierces a low range and opens to the undulating ground of the northern shore plain. Then follows a 4 m high rounded wall, and then a second, lower wall, both parallel with the present shore line. South of them is a long lagoon, and south of it, six more walls stretching S. 70° E.—N. 8o° W.; each of them is about one metre high; a ninth shore-wall was 3 m high.

Further S.W., at Camp ioo, the shore is very low and flat; near the lake it is arid, but westwards there is some good grass. To the S. 53° W. the highest peaks of the Targo-gangri are seen rising above everything else. At Camp 102 the shore slopes somewhat steeper; the beach walls are well visible; a low ridge of mountains, Lobo-samcha, rises at a short distance from the shore. Camp i o 1 is at

an open steppe bounded to the east by low mountains. The same mountains, which are ramifications and ridges from a pyramidal though rather low peak, Dsumdi, south

of the lake, reach the very shore-line of the lake at Camps 103, 99 and 104. Two headlands near Camp 103 are called Ngangpa-taktuk and Terkyn; Kuring-taknak is a headland at Camp 99. Eastwards from Camp 104 there is a narrow strip of flat land along the southern shore. At Camps 105 and 106 there is also a fairly

I I obtained the following information about the Nam-tso or Nam-tso-chugmo. North of it is a lake called Bong-tso. From Guring-la descends a valley, Gyadong, with Gyadong-tsangpo, to Nam-tso. Ngang-chu, Ti-chu, and Bo-chu are rivulets from the west which seem to join before entering the lake. From Guring-la and other passes, several brooks descend and join the river Reu-rong, which passes Kungdan, Dolung-deyen-dsong, Mang, Ngangtse, Chaksam and Donggar, which is half a day from Lhasa. West of Nien-chen-tang-la there are several passes near each other. There is said to be a plateau-like space between the high mountains, or a tang-a or plain, on all sides surrounded by mountains, and from this plateau the following passes are mentioned: to the south Tsobru-la, easy; to the S.W. Tsebo-la, high; to the west Shugu-la, and to the north Guring-la. Farther east, and leading to the N.E. is Dam-largen-la. At the foot of Tsobru-la is a large monastery, Dolung-tsobrugompa. From Tsebo-la and Shugu-la originate brooks going to the Shang valley. From Tsobru-la a brook goes to the Ki-chu of Lhasa. South of Dam-largen-la is Kangmar and the pass Dam-kendala. From the east the Nya-chu enters the lake. Nam-tso is said to freeze in the beginning of January and break up in the middle of May.