SURROUNDINGS OF PORU-TSO.
357 5 215 m; the brook from Sur-la had, at I o o'clock, only one cub. m a second, but, the afternoon, 3 cub. m, at 6 o'clock 5 cub. m, and at 7 o'clock nearly 6 cub. m. The same difficulty as usual was found in trying to obtain reliable information about the geography in the surroundings. Only the above-mentioned Men-la is visible from our road; it is a low and easy pass, between low hills. The valley of the Nyap-chu is broad and open, and slopes very gradually from the pass northwards; on the south side of Men-la a river, Nagu-tsangpo is said to take its rise. This name reminds us of Naouc Tsanpou on d Anville s map, though the general hydrography and orography would make it more probable that the river south of Men-la belonged to the Tsa-chu-tsangpo. To the S.S.E. the passes Teblung-la and Dichok-la were mentioned; Gongchen-la is one of the passes between the districts Bongba-yeke and Bongba-paryang. On the road from Selipuk to Shamsang-tasam three passes are crossed: Gäbyi-la, Tseongding-la, and Dedo-lopchang-la; this road is situated east of my route from Selipuk to Tokchen and touches the upper reaches of Sumdantsangpo. West of Gäbyi-la are lung-la, Dopchen-la and Hle-la. To the E.S.E.
is shown a road, 3 days long, to Ganglung-la and further to Tradum; Ganglung-la is said to be the same as the Goang-ding-la, and several roads join it from the north; south of the pass is Temduk-tsangpo, belonging to the Tsa-chu-tsangpo. Tag-reba-la is situated in a range or ramification between two of the feeders of Tsa-chu-tsangpo. In several cases there are secondary passes south of the main water-parting passes, as, for instance, the Lalung-la south of Men-la.
The Surla range is seen stretching northwards. In its northern part is situated
the Ka-la. The natives of Poru-tso regarded the Ka-la and Men-la as situated in one and the same range, which, however, hardly can be right, for Men-la is rather a threshold between two ranges. At any rate, the northern half of the Sur-la range is meridional, while its southern half turns south-eastwards and is parallel to the Lunkar and other ranges in this region. Probably the orography is the same as we found at Samye-la, namely, that the main passes are situated in valleys, as thresholds between ranges. The general stretching of the ranges in this region is N.W—S.E. The little ridge between Tabie-tsaka and Tarok-tso, forms an excep-
tion to this rule, running west to east.
From Camp 429 it is said to be 5 days north to the serj5un-lam or serlam, the golden road, which goes over Ka-la. Marmik-gompa is known as situ-
ated not far from Lakor-tso, which I visited in 19131.
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