into the Tengri-nor. On d'Anville's map it was called Tarcou Tsanpou. The successor of that fantastical river, Nain Sing's Dumphu, cannot be said to be an improvement. Ningkorla Berg is marked as the highest peak on the range Nin Tschen-thangla Gebirge. Ritter's old Tsang Gebirge has been transformed so far as to suit the peaks Nain Sing saw from the north. Otherwise my regions of the country north of the Tsangpo have undergone no changes and cannot have done so. Am-tsiogk mtso is still there, in the wrong place; the lake at the place of Amchok-tso is called Ike-unggana nor. The upper part of the Chaktak-tsangpo is called Lob-tschu, as in the earlier editions, and may have been taken from d'Anville who has a Lop Montagne at the upper Chaktak-tsangpo. There is no river of the name Lop or Lob in reality but a district called Lap, from where the head waters of Chaktak-tsangpo gather their water. Tarok-tso is still to be found but without name. The river which falls into the lake from the south and for which d'Anville has no special name, is called Tarogh-tschu. Ike-namur and Bacha-namur have not yet left the map and there is the old Chinese route from Lhasa to Khotan diagonally through Tibet, passing the stations or camps: Sari, Imam-Mula, Suget, Aritantun and Ilitsi, of which it is easy to recognise the two: Suget and Ilchi. North of the Transhimalaya we find the Tschalaring-tschu, a lake, into which the river Sumpu-tschui empties ; this is Nganglaringtso and Sumdan-tsangpo.
Only three years later, or in 1904, we have a new edition of the map, which, also from a technical point of view, now appears in a most accomplished form, Pl. XXX. Here in the northern half of Tibet some gaps have been filled with new routes, by Wellby, Rockhill, Littledale, Bower, myself and others. But the most important improvement of this edition is that all the old rubbish north of the Tsangpo, dating from d'Anville chiefly and with full reason suspected to be at least unreliable, has completely disappeared. Between Ghalaring-tso, Tede-nam-tso, Ngangon-tso and Mun-tso, all of which are given in dotted lines as being problematical, a great white blank is left on the map instead of the mosaik of mountains, lakes and rivers which dated from d'Anville and which I have been able to prove to be wrong. This edition of the map has been worked out by B. DOMANN. The name Nin-tschenthang-la is given to the culmination point of the range south of Tengri-nor. The name Tise Gangri Kette has disappeared. The region surveyed by Deasy is entered. But between »Chalamba-la» and Kailas there is a blank. Only some slight and undecided hints of the probable existence of mountains may be found. As a curiosity I may mention that on the border of this map a very able and well-known cartographer of Gotha has written, with a pencil, the following words : »Nach den PunditenAufnahmen ist das Bild zum ersten mal gründlich verdorben», although this can hardly be said to be the general view amongst German geographers regarding the work of the native explorers. In one word, the chief interest with this edition is that all the old Lamaistic geography has disappeared, for as I have stated before, it is only round the sources of the Satlej and Brahmaputra that their geography is,
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