国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

KLAPROTH's, HUMBOLDT's, AND RITTER's MAPS COMPARED.

9I

has no Hor or Khor Range in his text or on his hand-drawn map (18 21) and great map (1836).

Klaproth's third Tibetan range is the same which is called Zzang by Humboldt and Dzang by Ritter and corresponds to our Transhimalaya. Klaproth may be said to make three ranges start from the Kailas, namely the Kara-korum, the Zzang and the range south of the Tsangpo. Of these only the two first are to be found in Humboldt's system, whereas the third is not mentioned. The three ranges he makes originate from the Kailas are: I, Kara-korum, II, Hor or Khor, and III, Zzang. Of the Hor Range Humboldt says that its north-western end joins the Kwenlun, while its eastern part stretches towards Tengri-nor. Now it is difficult to see how the range of Hor can start from the Kailas and, at the same time, touch with its extreme ends the Kwen-lun and the Tengri-noor. On the little map, Claaines de montagnes et volcans de l'Asie-Cents-ale, which Humboldt published in his Frag-mens Asiatiques, 1831, there is also nearly the whole breadth of Tibet between the Hor Range and Kailas. On this map, Pl. VIII, only two ranges can be said to take their beginning from the Kailas, the Karakorum Padichah to the N.W., and the Dzang to the east. He has also indicated at least a part of Klaproth's range south of the Tsangpo. But the Hor Range belongs to quite a different part of Tibet and has nothing whatever to do with the Kailas. In this case Klaproth is much more correct than Humboldt.

Only one year later, or 1832, appeared Grimm's map illustrating Ritter's geography, and in 1833 Ritter's own description of the Tibetan orography. In both cases Humboldt's interpretation has been very carefully followed. Ritter has the same three ranges, Kara-korum, Hor and Dzang, starting from the Kailas.

On GRIMM's map,' Pl. XII, the principal ranges have got very much the same situation and configuration as on Humboldt's sketch, Pl. VIII. Only the Kwen-lun is more complicated. The Hor or Khor Range crosses Tibet diagonally from the Kwenlun in the neighbourhood of Keriya to the region north of Tengri-nor. The Kailas is shown as a range situated between the two Indus branches. Its eastern continuation is called Gang-tis-ri, from which the Kara-korum starts to the N.W.

The eastern continuation of the Gang-tis-ri is a tremendous range slowly diverging from the Tsangpo valley, and bearing the following names: Tibetisches Ge-birg Gang-dis-ri, Berg Tungdzei, Doosokbu Berg, Tomba-la, Nian-tsin-tang-la Gang-ri, Ga-tsian, Gebirg Samtan-gandza and Dzang Gebirg. The principal names are Gang-dis-ri and Dzang. The hydrography is taken from d'Anville's map. The situation of the sources of d'Anville's rivers decides the general direction of the great range. Only two of the northern tributaries to the Tsangpo, namely the Naukdzangbo and the Dzaka-dzangbo-tschu, which we remember from d'Anville, pierce

Karte von Hoch-Asien, zu C. Ritters Erdkunde, Buch II, Asien, Th. i & 2. Bearbeitet von J. L. Grimm, Herausgegeben von C. Ritter und F. A. O'Etzel. Berlin 1832. (Massst. cirka i : 6,400,000). This map is taken from: Ritter and O'Etzel: Atlas von Asien.