| | The next section of the road follows the Lamo valley to the N.E. Lungmaru is a dominating peak to the S.E. The brook is frozen, and partly hidden in the gravel of its bed. The fall is very gradual. So-nakya is the name of the mountains to the left. From the right, or S.S.E., enters a considerable tributary, Ta-tauchu; up this valley is a road, crossing the Karyürke-la, and going over the source of the Bokar-tsangpo ; it is used by salt caravans, which, further south, pass by a very small lake Kombo-rong-tso, and viâ Jume-la reach Parka. The two passes on this itinerary agree with the two above-mentioned ranges which, farther N.W., follow the course of the Indus. Upa-tä is the next tributary from the right. Shevo is a mountain at a great distance N.N.E.; in the same direction is a place called Gepa-dumbo-do. The valley opens into a plain, and the fall is very gradual; from the left comes a double valley, Nyomchen-Nyomchung. The road diverges more and more from the river, which is called Tuse-chu ; it is said to continue to Tusa-namgo and Shong-pele, and disappears on an extensive plain to the N.N.W. ; Tusa-namgo is a red flat hill to the N. 19° W. Finally the road crosses a little ridge rising abruptly from the plain; its pass is called Dam-tärngo-la; the same name is given to the plain east of this ridge, where there is some grass and a spring at 4 991 m. The rock is porphyrite the whole way. Between Tuse-chu and the upper Indus, or Singi-kamba, there is a range called Kung-tülvö, which must be the N.W. continuation of the Surngerange. From Camp 238 the road goes up to a little threshold, Dam-karchen-la, 5 099 m, in limestone and porphyry; to the N.W. is seen, beyond the valley from the pass, the course of Tuse-chu at considerable distance. The country is extremely arid and weathered, detritus and fine gravel is very common, living rock ordinary, the mountains are irregular and interrupted, like islands on the wide plain; continuous ranges are not to be seen; the landscape appears in lively colours, red, yellow, violet, rose; there are nowhere any high snowy mountains, everything is comparatively low; there are no inhabitants, no animals, occasionally some scanty grass. This part of Tibet is very unlike the real Chang-tang far to the N.E. and east, with its rounded ranges and its rare living rock, its great latitudinal valleys with grass and animal life. To the N. 86° W. are shown the mountains of Kung-hlashi, beyond which is the Singi-tsangpo, to the S. 85° W. is Ngomo-chandi. The country is very undulating. After another small threshold the road ascends the Tsalam-ngopta-la, in basalt, and 5 078 m high; this pass may be situated in the N.W. continuation of the Ding-la range. From the pass the same hopeless country is seen stretching to all sides, flat, arid, desolate; N. 18° E. is the little lake Mugu-tilep-tso, and farther, in the same direction, the mountains with the pass Nomra-la with a road to Tansamtsaka. From the Tsalam-ngopta-la a brook goes northwards, but the road continues N.E.; to the east are rolling hills, but in the background some higher dark mountains |
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