国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

garia by the Russians, 51; under
Chinese rule, 52 sq. 57, 175, 370 sq.;
decay of Chinese power under Later
Han Dynasty, 57, 168; distribution
of Mahāyāna and Hīnayāna School,
57 n.; subject to the Hephthalites,
58; to the Western Turks, ib.; re-
conquered by the Chinese under the
T'ang Dynasty, 59; called the 'Four
Garrisons', 60; Tibetan inroads, 62;
Chinese authority reasserted, ib.;
occupied by the Tibetans, 65; king-
dom of the Uigurs, ib. 178; spolia-
tion of ancient remains, 82; oases of,
94, see also oases; identity of Bud-
dhist places of worship with Muham-
madan Ziārats, ib.; see also local
worship; Tārim Basin, not on the
road of migrations, 138; effects of
Muhammadan conquest, ib.; process
of 'Turkization', 138 n., 146 sq.;
position of women, 142; Chinese
influence under the Tsin dynasties,
168; under the White Huns, 171;
Tibetan predominance, 178; Kara-
Khitai and Mongol supremacy, 183.
See also 'Four Garrisons'.
Tāsh-kurghān, in Sarikol, a Chinese
military post, 8; called Ch'uan-yü-
mo in the Pei shih, 28; and by
Fa-hsien, 67; identified with Chieh-
p'an-t'o, 35; advantages of the site,
36; description of the walls, ib.; its
old name, Varshadeh, 37, 39; its
foundation ascribed to Afrāsiyāb, 37;
structures mentioned by Hsüan-tsang,
ib.; wrongly identified with Ptolemy's
'Stone Tower', 54 n.
Tāsh-kurghān, river and valley, 23;
routes through, 24; early settlements
in, ib.; the territory of T. identical
with Sarikol, 43 n.
Tashbalik, Tashbālik, Tashbulak. See
Tāshmalik.
Tāshmalik (Taschmalik, Taschmelik),
wrongly called Tashbalik, Tashbulyk,
or Tashbulak, 46 n.
Tasmache, village, 515.
Tathāgata, see Buddha.
'Tati', at Bai-khān, 86; between Gūma
and Moji, 96; near Kakshal, 106
sq.; general condition of 'Tatis',
107, 382, 458; remains surviving at
'Tatis', 108; glazed terra-cotta from
Uzun-Tati, 111 n.; at Jamada, 233;
at Endere, 421, 437 sq.; formation
of, 459; at Jumbe-kum, 502; Kara-
döbe, 515.
Tāhlik, see Ak-taz.
Tawakkël, canton of Khotan, 131 n. sq.
Tawakkël, oasis, 237 sq.; identified
with Thakkaga, 268, 522 n.
Taxila, see Takṣaśilā.
'Tāzgun', flood-water bed, 100 n., 101.
Tāzī, see Arabs, Ta-shih.
tchang-che, see chang-shih.

Tch'eng Sien, see Ch'êng Hsien.
tcheng-yuan, see Chêng-yuan.
Tchira, see Chira.
Tchitrāl, see Chitrāl.
T'chou-kiu-pan, 91 n. See Chu-chü-pan.
T'chou-kiu-po, 91 n. See Chu-chü-po.
Tê-tsung (Tö-tsong), Chinese emperor,
64, 534.
Tê-tsung, king of Khotan, 180.
teeth, bag of human (D. 11. 013), 251, 294.
T'eg-mc'og-mdzod, two poems from
(E. I. 11), 438, 561 sqq.
temperatures, in desert, 240, 330, 417,
464.
temple ruins, see Dandān Uiliq, Endere.
'Terek' (populus alba), 257, 314, 317,
333, 358; as building material, 449.
terra-cotta: appliqué pottery ornaments
(Yōtkan), 207, 215 sqq.; (Khotan
town), 207, 220 sqq.
figurines (Afrāsiyāb), 519; (Yōt-
kan), 208, 212 sqq.; (Khotan town),
207, 218 sqq.
grotesques (Afrāsiyāb), 519; (Ak-
sipil), 476, 482; (Chalma-kazān),
535; (Khotan town), 218 sqq.;
(Yōtkan), 211 sqq.
heads (Yōtkan), 208, 214, 218;
(Khotan town), 208, 218 sq.
masks (Yōtkan), 207, 215, 216;
(Khotan town), 207, 218, 221.
monkeys, see s.v.
pottery, Töpa-Tim, 106; Kakshal
Tati, 109; Togujai, 113 sqq.; Kul-
langar, 116; Karakir-Tim, 117;
Yōtkan, 207, 216 sq.; Khotan town,
218, 220 sqq.; Jamada, 233; Chalma-
kazān, 233, 235; Dandān-Uiliq, 242,
265; Rawak, 306; Niya, 312; Niya
Site, 329, 331, 376, 380, 386, 395 sq.;
Endere, 421, 433, 437, 442; Kara-
dong, 447, 448, 458; Ak-taz, 453 sq.;
464; Uzun-Tati, 464; Lachin-atā,
465; Keriya, 469; Kighillik, 479,
482; Ak-sipil, 481 sq.; Jumbe-kum,
502, 503, 506; Rawak Vihāra, 506;
Kara-döbe, 515; Afrāsiyāb, 519.
glazed, Togujai, 111, 113, 114,
115; Uzun-Tati, 111 n., 464 sq.;
Rawak, near Dandān-Uiliq, 306;
Niya Site, 415; Endere, 442; Ki-
ghillik, 482.
patterns on, anthemion (T. M. 003.
c, d), 114; bands (T. M. 004. a),
ib.; cable (T. M. 004. f, 005. a),
115; diaper (T. M. 005. c), ib.; fillet
moulding (Y. 0022), 216; guilloche
(T. M. 004. a, c, d), 114, 115; lattice
(Y. 002), 109 n., (Y. 0022), 216;
nebular (T.M. 003. f), 114; (Y. 0022),
216; (K. 004. a), 452; (A. 007. e),
482; rings (K. 003. 004. b), 452;
roundels (C. 002. a), 235; scallop
(T. M. 004. b, g), 114, 115; sgraffito
(T. M. 001. d), 113; vine leaves,
(Mac. 001), 222.

Tha-khaga (Thakkaga), town of Khotan,
identified with Tawakkël, 268, 522
n.
Thöl, ruined Stūpa near, 20.
Thomas, Mr. F. W., assistance rendered
by, xiii, 548; extracts from Tibetan
accounts of Khotan, 152, 581 sqq.;
on the meaning of Rgya, 161 n.,
581; suggests connexion between
Li-kuei and Li-yul, 167 n.; on cor-
rect form of Hgen-to-shan, 186 n.;
notes on Tibetan poems, 561 n.,
562 n.
Ti-chia-p'o-fu-na, Buddhist convent, site
identified, 225.
T'iao, king of Khotan, 176.
Tibetan, architecture, possible influence
of, on style of Stūpa near Thöl, 20;
hats, worn by Buddhas or Bodhi-
sattvas (D. vi. 3), 274, 297; inscrip-
tion on seal (B. D. 001. b), 210, 219;
MSS. (Endere), 425 sq., 438, 439,
548 sqq.; earliest known specimens
of Tibetan writing, 427; sgraffiti
(Endere), 429, 432, 548 sqq.
Tibetans, in conflict with the Chinese,
5, 175; occupy Kāshgar and the
Tārim Basin, ib.; Great Po-lü, 6;
Little Po-lü, 7; threaten to invade
Tu-ho-lo, 11; call Kāshgar Shulik,
50; occupy the 'Four Garrisons',
61; in alliance with the Arabs, again
invade the 'Four Garrisons', 62,
288; expelled from Little Po-lü, 63;
overrun Ho and Lung, ib., 534 sq.;
occupy the Tārim Basin, 65, 284,
536; their supremacy broken by the
Uigurs, ib.; Tibetan admixture in
the population of Khotan, 147 sq.;
linguistic traces of Tibetan connexion
with Khotan, 149; Tibetan notices
of Khotan, 152; threaten Khotan,
176; Tibetan predominance in the
Tārim Basin, 178; called the 'Great
Fan', 428, 546.
Tim, 'mound', 74, 515.
Tim, near Kosh-Langar, 99.
Timan, river, Mirzā Ḥaidar's account
of, 73 n. See Tümen.
Tiznal river, 89; referred to by Hsüan-
tsang, 90.
To-jo, in kingdom of Chu-chü-pan,
91.
T'o-lêh, T'o-li, see To-li-lo.
Tö-tsong, see Tê-tsung.
Tochari, see Tu-huo-lo.
toghrak (wild poplar), 239; dead trunks,
240; in ice-pit, at Niya Site, 329;
Niya Site, 330, 331, 361; at old
Domoko, 459; as building material,
Kara-dong, 447 sq., 449.
Togujai, coins found at, 110; pottery,
111; description of objects found,
113 sqq.
Tokhāristān, called T'u-ho-lo by the
Chinese, 11; inhabited by the Heph-