| ridges in its background, and the Tengi-tar with its foaming brook, and down the Pas-rabat valley. The mountain sides are mostly hidden by detritus, and living rock crops out only higher up. The valley is broad at the confluence and has excellent grazing-grounds. There is a burial place with several gumbes. The climate is the same as described above. In the winter the snow is one foot deep or a little more. At the end of February and beginning of March the wind is hard. Sometimes it rains a week in the summer, and the rivers grow big; one has to cross them at noon, as they rise in the evening. At Pas-rabat the river freezes, but not higher up where warm springs come out. July 2nd I made a few measurements of the river below the point of junction. At 1 o'clock p. m. its breadth was 16.25 m., the average depth 0.41 m., the average velocity 1.05 m. and the volume 7 cub. m. per second. The temperature of the water was 10.5°, and of the air 17.3°. If the waterlevel at 1 o'clock is fixed as o, the river had fallen I.5 cm. at 3 o'clock and risen 3.5 at 5 o'clock; at 7 o'clock it had risen 16.0 cm. above o, and the water had become very muddy. The average depth was now 57 cm. and the maximum 76 cm. The breadth was 17.25 m., the average velocity 1.45; the volume of water per second was thus a little above 14 cub. m. The temperature of the water was now 9.7°. At 8 o'clock the level stood 18 cm. above o and the temperature was 9.4°. At 9 o'clock the river had risen still 1 cm. and the temperature had fallen to 9.1°; the air having a temperature of 9.8°. An important road from Kashgar, Yangi-hisar and Yarkand to Taslzkurgan passes by Pas-rabat; as a rule 5 or 6 persons pass by every day, sometimes 15 or 20. On his journey 1906-1908, Dr. M. A. STEIN crossed my route at Pas-rabat, which he calls Toile-bzrlung. From Burainsal-davan to Pas-rabat he has the following names: Buranzsal and Tash-mazar; from the latter place to the junction with the Sliinde River: Muktushtiya, 7ashya, Kuruk Mazar, Yarghik-aghzi, Yaghash-öghil, Bashi -Kara - tokai, Otra-Kara - tokai, Kara - tokai, Uchak, Momoluk, Unghurluk, K ichik Kara-su, Kara-su, Kokyer, Tikan yurt, and finally the confluence, between which and Tash-kurgan he travelled in the narrow valley of the Shinde River. To the Ter-art Pass he gives an altitude of 2,936 m. or 52 m. more than my 2,884 m.; to Pas-rabat he gives 4,067 m. or 27 m. more than my 4,040 m. The difference between our observations is, therefore, very small. On July 3rd we had a difficult journey of 19.5 km. west and W. S. W. to Bulakbashi where the altitude is 3,72 2 m., being a rise of 838 m. at a rate of I : 23.3. In the morning the river of Pas-rabat stood only 2 cm. above o, and the water had a temperature of 7.5°. The rock is the same as hitherto, crystalline schist and granite or syenite. There is no lack of vegetation, grass, bushes and willow trees. The steep or nearly vertical erosion terraces reach high up on the slopes of |
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