National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books

158

Forests : diminution in, and climatic change II: 189; in Gold-stream ctry. IX4: 87, 90, 92, 94, 96, I00, 103, I08, 112, 117 ff., 122, 127, 129; in Himalaya II : 99, 220, 227, 255, 258; Eastern Pamir IX: 28, 57, 76, 8o; Tibet II: 32o, VII : Ioi ; Eastern Turkistan I: 256, VI3: 16, VIII: 337, 442.

• , s. also Jungle.

Formula, holy of the Tibetans IV: 81, 375.

Fortifications , Forts , Fortresses : II : 12I, 309, 317, III: 69, IV: 195, IX: 4, 7; in Gold-stream ctry. IX4: 77f., 83 f., 89, 93, 97ff., Ioof., 117f., I22, I27f.

Fossils II : 86, 96, IV : 36, V: 6, i8ff., 34ff., 97, IIo, 112, 124, 145 ff., 175, 198 -203, 206 ff., VII: 278, IX: 132, 154, 175-178, s. also Ammonites, Barrêmien, Belemnites, Inoceramus, Nummulites, Orbitolina, Prunoidea, Rhinoceros, Sphaeroidea, Sphaerolithes.

Fowl at Manasarovar II : 48.

Foxes II : 308, III : 322, 365, IV : 92, 171, 193, 221, 248, 261, VIII:

118, 140, IX: 20, 73, 78, 83.

Fragilaria Gen. VT3 : I II f., 118 - I22.

Franciscans, s. Missionaries.

Freezing : of brks. and rivs. II : 132, IV: 45, IX : I I f., 67, 8o; of Tibetan las. III: 344, 346: 356, IV: 49f., 58, 63, 149, 168, 174; of Rakas-tal II: 49f., 131, 134, 164, 167.

-, s. also Ice(-sheets).

Fresh-water Las.: in Tibet II: 37, 48, 76, III: 24, 137, IV: Ioi, 142, 228f., 242, 265, 268, VII: 405, 408, 511; along Lower Tarim VI3: 17.

Frozen ground favourable for caravans IV: 75.

Fuel-supply: in Kara-korum IV: 211 f., 214, 216 f. ; Eastern Pamir IX: 46, 57, 76, 78; Tibet IV: 31, 39, 41, 57f., 62, 69, 71, 85, 95, 101, 131, 136, 149, 158, 186, 220 -223, 227, 232, 235, 237, 239, 244f., 250, 252, 257, 260, 264, 266, 277 -280.

Fumariaceae VI3: 78f.

Furze II: 42, 46.

Fusulinae IX: 178.

Gabbro II: 252, V: 3o, 53, 83, 165,

167f., 207, 209.

•  -diabase V: 210.

Gammarus (Pulex) VI3: 182, VII: 410.

Ganga, general signification for large rivs. III: 114.

Gangri, i, e. snowy mt. I: IIO, II: 114, 129, III: 226, 358, VII: 1I2.

Forests - Geology : Tien-shan

Gardens II: 295f., 298, 304, 32o, TV: 328, IX: 8o, 83f. Garnet-andalusite-gneiss IX : 145

•  -hornblende-gneissgranite IX: I42.

•  -mica-schist VII : 444, IX : 146f.

Garnets V : I i, 14, 87f., 92 f., 103, 177f., VII: 444; IX: 138 ff., 141, 145 ff., 148, 153, 161 ff., 164, 166.

Garpun, Garpan, i. e. govenor IV: 185.

Garrisons : Chinese, in Gold-stream ctry. IX4: 79, 8i ff., 104, 107; in Eastern Pamir IX: 4f., 41, 43, 47, 71

Gault V: 2o1 ff., 2071f., VII: 502. Gazella-antelopes IV : 166, 247, 281, 291, 333.

•  -picticaudata IV: 157, 176. Geese II: 167, 326, III: 282, 285,

292, 304, 313, 322, 329, 333, 352,

365, IV : 173, 294, 298, IX : 37, 66. Gentianaceae VI3: 47f.

Geographical coordinates, s. Astronomical observations, Coordinates, geographical.

•  cycle of development VII: 501, 517, 542.

•  fables : importance for research II : 23 ; fabelous tribes VIII: 153.

• , s. also Legendary geography.

•  homologies II : 201 -204, III : 283, 365, IV : 289, VII : 478, 509f., 518, 522.

•  information, methods of, II: 21, 22 ; in Tibet, difficulties, s. also Exploration, Native information.

•  names : uncertainity of I: 199, IV: 96ff., Pm ff., IX4: 5ff.; transcription II : 32, IV : g8, 32, IOI, 435, IX4: VIII: 4f.,

6, 7o; in Chinese maps VIII: 112, 291, IX4: 5 ff., 75 f. ; old pronunciation of Chinese names VIII : 4, IOI, 132 -135, 435 452 ; in Sanscrit II : 71; orthography of Turkish names VIII: 283, IX: 91 -123.

•  - in Karakorum and Kwenlun VII: 585, VIII: 324ff., IX: 89.

•  - Eastern Pamir VIII : 396 399, IX: 13, 19, 65, 78.

•  - Tibet: European VII: 496; Tibetan I : 126ff., VIII : 298, IX4: 5 -66; in Chinese traductions VIII : 298, IX4: 5f., Io, 71f.; Manchu, Mongolian IX4: 5ff., 75f.

•  - Eastern Turkistan : Chinese

8.  316ff., 331-338, 383,
   413 -423, 425 -429, 437 -452,

9.  89, 92; Manchu I: io8, VIII: 295f., 331, 357, IX: 89, 92; Mongol VIII: 331, 34off., 382ff., 413, 415f; Persian VIII: 300,

331, 338, 347, 359, 367, 415,
418f., 421f., 426-43o, IX: 89,

93-123; Tibetan I: 123, IX: 89;
Turkish VI3: 45, VIII: 315ff.,
328ff., 338-367, 382ff., 413 -

423, 4z6 -431, IX: 89-123; of other origin IX : 89, 116.

Gegraphical names : s. also Nomenclature.

Geological maps : Lyddeker : Karakorum, 1880, V: 8, VII : 348; Kashmir etc., 1883, VII: 348;

•  Map, Hayden, 1908, VII: 348; Herbert II: 55, s. also Cartography, Maps.

•  profiles across Tibet (including Transhimalaya) V: i8o -197; specimens from Pamir 1894 1895, IX: 134 -157; Tibet 1906 -1908, V: 5, II -18o, VII : 502;

•  Survey of India III : 238, V: 5ff., 37, 44, 55, "5, 163, VII:

418, 421, 446.

Geology: of Himalaya II: 203,

V: 6ff., 13, 37, 42, 78, 93, 97,

157f., 160, 170, 177, 185, 190,

199f., 202f., 205, 207, 209, VII:

458, 501 ff., 505, 545.

•  Kara-korum IV : 213 -217, V:

8, 145, 147, VII: 83, 122, 199, 220 f., 224, 233 f., 278, 286f., 344 -348, 364, 417, 431ff., 435, 442ff., 449ff., 462, 472, 474 -

478, 481, 485, 488, 575.

• Kwen-lun VII: 344f., IX: 131 ff.,

169.

•  Eastern Pamir VII: 344, 347, IX: 39, 42, 45f., 61-64, 74, 131

•  180.

•  Tarim Basin IX: 178.

•  Tibet III: 195f., IV: 124, 252, V: 5 -212, VII : 185, 201, 294,

324, 332f-, 343 -347, 364f., 408,
4Iof., Soi ff., 587; Chang-tang

IV: 219ff., 245f., 256, 301; Indus rg. II: 212, III : 173, 337f., IV: 193, V: I I0, 122, 165, 172, 202ff., 210, VII: 127, 287f., 432, 435; Kailas rg. IV: 372, 374 379, V: 107, 176, 187f., 192; LadakV: Ioi, 170, 205, VII:476; Sacred Las. (Manasarovar, Rakas-tal) II : 87, 89, 151 ff., 157, 159ff., 166-169, V: 84, 87, 9of., 99, I OI, 105, 142, 178, 180f., 192, 204; Satlej val. II : 86, IV: 305, 309, 312, 314, 321, V: 141, 172, 176, 199, 201, 204, 209f., VII: 478, 502f., 546, 588; Transhimalaya V: 6f., 42, 45f., 61, 75,

I07, III, 121f., 148, 154, 159ff.,

163 -169, 177, 185, 189 f., 196,

198 -207, 209 -212, VII : 5oi ff.,

505, 545, 559, 561-564, 571 Tsangpo rg. II: 294, 298ff.,

307ff., 319, V: 65, 76, 82, 84, loi, 163, 165, 167, 172, 176ff., 199 ff., 204, 209ff., VII : 502.

•  Tien-shan IX: 132f.