tritus in the bordering terraces and in the bottoms of the watercourses was composed of these same varieties of rock. At our camp the altitude was 4681 m. ; the highest pass that day was 4778 ni.
Viewed from Camp No. XIX the latitudinal valley stretches towards the N. 8o° W.; the bluff that juts out from the southern range was visible in the N. 85° W.; while in the other direction the main valley ran to the S. 82° E. In the N. 88° E., almost due east, rose the great snowy mass which my men called Tschulak-akkan, the same that we saw from the Avras-davan. This may very well be identical with the Schapka Monomacha, the grounds upon which I arrive at this conclusion being these: during the three days' march from the lake we had travelled 37 km. towards the S. 18.6° W., 36.5 km. towards the S. 25.7° E., and 29.3 km. towards the S. 25° E. When, after allowing for the deviations, I prick off these three days' journey on the map that Hassenstein prepared for my former work, I arrive at a point situated pretty nearly due south of the eastern end of Kum-köl and about So km. distant from it. From that same point the Schapka Monomacha lies, according to Hassen-stein's construction, in the direction N. 80° E. and about 45 km. distant. Now this position agrees excellently well with the position I have found above for Tschulakakkan; whence I infer that the last-named mountain is identical with Prschevalskij's »Monk's Cap». Carey travelled both west and north of this mountain, but unfortunately he gives it no name, calling it simply »Snowy Mts, over 18,000 ft». But until further investigations are made on the spot, the name Schapka Monomacha had better remain, though it would be advisable to obtain as soon as possible the true native name. According to Prschevalskij's map of his fourth journey this snowy summit forms part of the range which its discoverer called at first the Nameless, but which subsequently received the name of the »Prschevalskij Chain». Roborovskij has adopted the same interpretation on his map of his 1890 journey. On the same map we find another peak, Tumenlik-tagh, 44 versts north-west of the Schapka Monomacha; and both of these peaks have of course found their way into Hassen-stein's map for my journey and into SHe/cr's Hand-atlas. Both peaks are capped with perpetual snow. Pjevtsoff shows both these peaks on his general map to the »Tibetan Expedition», of which Roborovskij's reconnaissance in the Kum-köl basin formed a part; but strange to say, underneath the name Tumenlik-tagh he adds in parenthesis the name Schapka Monomacha, while to the south-eastern peak of the Prschevalskij Chain he gives no name at all. However both interpretations are equally wrong. It is quite true that somewhere in that region there is a Tömürliktagh (the Iron Mt.), but there is no snowy peak Tumenlik-tagh whatever in the region where Roborovskij places it. With regard to the Monk's Cap, Prschevalskij has located it quite correctly; it does not however belong to the Prschevalskij Chain, but lies a good bit to the north of it, as was plain to see from my Camp No. XIX. The great latitudinal valley extended east from that camp, and after making a slight bend appeared to continue on between the Tschulak-akkan (alias Schapka Monomacha) and the range that lies to the south of it. The great snowy mass appeared to be surrounded by several east-west chains, and no doubt itself forms the culminating point of a mountain system lying north of the Arka-tagh and parallel to it. On the map of the Southern Frontier Regions of Asiatic Russia, by the
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