During the course of the day we passed hard rock in two or three places. The first small crest on the right-hand side of the upper part of the watercourse in the main glen consisted of a species of rock resembling greenstone, excessively weathered, and having a distinct dip of 6o° towards the N. 60° E. A small pass with a heap of stones was situated in granite, and the pass in the little offshoot to the south-east was situated in hard greenstone with a distinct dip of 50° to the N. 1o° E. The marginal terraces beside the large watercourse that we subsequently followed consisted of alternate layers of clay, fine gravel-and-shingle, and coarse sand, with a dip of r 2° towards the N. Io° W. Every now and again its bed was littered with loose fragments and gravel of greenstone, granite, and quartzite, and so forth. The minor crests of the locality extend from west-north-west to east-south-east and round to north-west and south-east, and thus run parallel to the main chain of the Akato-tagh and the eastern part of the Tschimen-tagh, though not parallel with the double chains of the Astin-tagh, for these have in this meridian an east-north-easterly direction. Farther, we have found that the great kakir valley, which at Usun-schor, and a good bit both east and west of that locality, is so flat and level, is here greatly broken and so abundantly dotted over with small bewildering eminences that it has been deemed necessary to set up landmarks in order to point out the road.
December 23rd. Strange to say, the ancient road which I have mentioned did not appear to touch the spring at our Camp CVI, at all events there were no landmarks in its locality; and my scouts maintained that from the point where we lost sight of the cairns of stones and the old road, the latter diverges more and more from our south-easterly route and goes due north-east. It is conceivable, that the
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