THE ROAD TO PANGGONG-TSO. 5
the case. On the contrary, the present narrative has been illustrated in a richer and more systematic way than the former. But the illustrations have to be looked for in the accompanying Atlas of Tibetan panoramas. In the following description I will direct the attention to them, as they give a much clearer idea of the habitus and morphology of the country than any maps or any verbal descriptions could do. The text in the following chapters will be much better understood if the corresponding panoramas are studied simultaneously. Text and illustrations have to follow each other. The panoramas are as a rule drawn from the camps and from commanding passes. At every place where a panorama has been drawn, a red P is entered on the map. There are, of course, many camps and many passes where no panoramas have been drawn. This depends upon the weather or other special reasons. As to the Transhimalayan panoramas, I will describe them at the end of this volume.
Now, returning to Muglib, we find the panorama taken from that place as 2A and 2B on Tab. 1 of the Atlas. It embraces the whole horizon. Nobody would believe that it was taken from the bottom of a comparatively narrow erosion valley. But comparing it with the map of the region around Muglib on Pl. 1, you will easily recognize all the topographical details. One has only to remember the laws of perspective. To the N. 58° W. we look down the valley and to the S. 55° E. we look up the valley. These are the two extreme ends of the view. The mountain-shoulders situated to the N. 43° E. and S. 20° W. look comparatively large, which is caused by their being close to the camp. From the N. W. to the N. E. the upper erosion terrace is clearly seen. One also gets the impression that the valley becomes more accentuated and more deep-cut in the direction of Ladak than in the direction of Tibet.
From Tankse the road continues S. E. and E. S. E. to Pang-gong--Iso and thence northwards to Pobrang. The distance is 32 km., and the absolute height at Pobrangis 4,468 m., meaning a rise of 328 m., or, disregarding the fact that two different valleys are included, i : 97. The road passes the little hamlet of Muglib, a small bridge, and a round mane, and several times crosses the brook, which is meandering in all directions over swampy grass-covered ground. Sometimes the ground is stony. The brook has now about the same volume of water day and night, as it comes from the little lake in the valley. At its northern shore hard rock is cropping up, consisting of leptite. A little higher up in the valley is a second minimal lake or pool. The road follows its southern shore and the edge of a scree at the foot of which some crystal clear springs come out. About half of the amount of water in the brook comes from them. The valley then becomes more narrow between light yellowish-red rocks with steep sides. The bottom of the valley is sandy, and at the left side there are some small sand dunes. At the same side many small springs come out from below the detritus at the mountain foot, and then there is very little left of the brook. This flows down from a tributary gorge to the south, in the
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