Southern Tibet : vol.4 / 41 ページ（カラー画像）

0041	Southern Tibet : vol.4
南チベット : vol.4

THE CHANG-CHENMO VALLEY.

Tab. 2. It shows the mountain groups, to the N. W., north, and N. E. of the camp,

which, from this point, conceal the water-parting range of the Kara-korum. To the

N. 69° E. we see the upper reaches of the Chang-chen»zo valley and notice the more

plateau-like morphology of the regions, from which the river derives its water. Up-

wards through this valley the road continues to the important pass Lanek-la, which

was closed to me by the Anglo-Indian government, but had been crossed by Carey

in 1886, by Bower in 189I-92, by Dutreuil de Rhins in 1892-95, by Deasy in

1896-99, and by Rawling in 1903-4. The road I was going to take to reach

the high plateau-lands of northern Tibet had chiefly been surveyed by the members

of the second Forsyth Mission, as described in the historical part of this work

(Vol. VII).

The nearest mountains south of the Cliang-chenmo are visible on the panorama

to the S. 77° E., and to the S. S. E. is the ramification separating the Sftanglung valley

from the main valley. To the S. W. are the ridges standing between the 1llanlung-

and Chang--chenmo valleys. And to the west we see the great main valley through

which the Chang--chenmo goes down to the junction with the Shayok. One thing

is very conspicuous in this panorama, and that is the high development of the

erosion terraces, which, especially to the S. E., south, and S. W. even hide a consider-

able part of the mountains. They prove how enormous the water masses must have

been which, during pluvial and post-pluvial times, have rushed down the valley, and

how gigantic their erosive power has been. In those days the whole valley must

have been filled with water, whereas now a comparatively very small part was

covered by the water, which, it is true, in the end of August, is no more in flood.

The river has also a period in the course of 24 hours. In the evening of

the 26th of August it was much bigger than at midday on the 27th, and during the

night it had grown to a certain limit as was shown by considerable parts of the bed

being still wet the next day. Just opposite the camp the breadth was 17 m. , the

maximum depth 0.88 m, and the average depth 0.55 m. The average velocity of

the water was 1.50 ni, and the maximum 1.9o. The volume of water thus amounted

to 14 cub. m. per second. In June and July the river cannot be crossed at this

point. According to my Ladakis its real name is Kograng-sansj5o, whereas Clzang-

chennzo is said to be the name of the whole region, perhaps including the tributaries

to the main river. The bushes around our camp are called oznho by the Ladakis,

and boghana by the Turkis.

From Pamsal down to Shayok there is a road which may be used only during

the winter, when the river-bed is dry. My Ladakis knew only three names on

this road : Nonzachen, Nomaclzun, and Ororotse, all with fuel and some grazing, but

without inhabitants. From the last-named place it was said to be a »two days» journey

to the junction with the Shayok. To the east they reckoned five days to Lanek-la

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