286 THE REGION WEST OF SHA-KANGSHAM.
1 cub. m. per second, but, in the afternoon 3 cub. m. (Scientific Results, Vol. IV, p. i60). It may be regarded as pretty certain that the river, which in the summer may be rather strong, judging from the fluviatile terraces, loses a good deal of its volume on its way from Sha-kangshanz down to Laker-tso.
Having crossed the river, we turn S. E. along the base of the red hills, where the living rock is grey, dense limestone, the same kind as I had found N. E. of Shakangsham in 190 I. A little, steep valley leads us up to the pass of 4,972 m., in the hills of soft material. From here a range comes into sight, which starts from Sha-kangshanz and seems to run westwards and which we would have to cross farther south. Between that range and the one of our present pass, there was a plain. To the S. W. two tents were pitched. It may be that we could have avoided this pass by following the Kangsham-tsangpo upwards some kilometers, for now we got the impression that the river crossed the N. E. part of the plain. We descend amongst hills sometimes up and down, and pitch our Camp CCCLX at the southern side of a little hill. From the pass, a valley goes down E. S. E. and may perhaps join the river.
From this camp, Pan. 44oA and B, Tab. 81, is sketched. It shows the range we crossed, and to the east, the prolongation of the plain which probably is traversed by the Kangsham-tsangpo. To the S. 73° E., is again the highest peak of Shakangsham, and around it and to the right of it, a labyrinth of ranges and ridges, being more or less in connection with the great snowy group. The plain east and south , of our camp, belongs to the latitudinal valley situated north of Sha-kangsham. Its eastern part is, as is shown to the N. 88° E., on Pan. 44oA, quite closed by mountains.
The two tents S. W. of the pass, were inhabited by a man, three women and three children, possessing 200 sheep. The latter were weak and meager, as they had, one month ago, returned from a journey south, to Kirong. The nomads asserted that the region around Camp CCCLX, was called Kombak. From this place, roads
were radiating in different directions. If we went to the S. E. and E. S. E., passing 7
a dark projecting hill visible from our camp, we would, after having crossed a high pass, finally reach Czokchu. Now, as there is a province of that name between Dang'ra yum-tso and Teri-narn-tso, which is indeed E. S. E. of Kombak, the information was obviously correct. We were also told that it was a three days' journey W. S. W. to the tent of a chief, and that a high pass had to be crossed. If we continued S. S. E., we would reach, in one day, a pass called Chaklam-la, the entrance of which is visible on Pan. 440. Taking the last-mentioned road, we would leave to the west both the chief's tent and the lake, Yum-tso. As we heard different nomads mentioning this lake, it, no doubt, exists, though it is probably somewhere west of our road. The name ) urn-tso-la, therefore, seems doubtful, as its single raison d'être
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