ravines are crossed. After a while we again had to go down to a tributary valley, of much the same appearance as the first, the Tokbo-nub. This was divided into two branches. The first was 2 2 m. broad with an average depth of 0.5 m. and an average velocity of 1.6 m., its volume being 17.6 cub. m. per second. The second had a breadth of II m., an average depth of 0.4 m. and a velocity of 1.5 m., its volume being 6.6 cub. m. per second. The whole river, therefore, now carried 24.2 cub. m. per second. These two tributaries, the eastern and western Tokbo, brought, therefore, down to the Satlej the considerable amount of 51 cub. m. per second, a volume that would increase if the rains continued. Together with the two tributaries of the previous day, we had, therefore, already controlled 7o cub. m., not counting the brooks from the left tributaries nor the additions from springs. In these high parts of its course, the river will change in volume from one day to the next, only lower down the quantity of water will be more regular and steady.
From the Tokbo-nub, we ascended the 5o m, terrace a third time, where the ground for several kilometers was nearly even and consisted of gravel with some bush vegetation. Here and there, cairns and a round nzani were built; a few ravines were crossed. To our right we have low flat hills, being the remains of old terraces, and beyond them the Transhirzalaya, now snow-covered, was dimly seen through the rainy dusk. Two or three hundred meters to our left, the Satlej was streaming in its deep-cut gorge which it has carved out in solid rock. Now, after the rain, it seemed to fill its bed completely. The last bit of the day's march winds amongst low hills and slopes, and here the Tirthafturi-gozlzpa, or Tretaj5uri, as it is pronounced, appears at the foot of white and reddish yellow rocks. It is situated on a platform or top of a terrace, and below it are many chortens and a mani over I oo m. long. Dorche Pagmo-lagang is a part of the temple near the bank of the Satlej.
The lamas affirmed the names of the tributaries we had already crossed as being from west to east: Tokbo-nub, Tokbo-shäzr, Goyak and Ciukia. At the right side of the mouth of Tokbo-s/u r, the rock was yellow, fine crystalline limestone. At the monastery, the living rock was grey, partly recrystallised, limestone. Greyish white fine-grained quartzite was also seen. The whole slope near the monastery is full of curious formations of calcareous sinter, some of them reminding one of stalagmites and obviously formed by springs. The Salle./ has cut its bed down through limestone. It is a curious fact that where the right tributaries enter, as e. g. at the mouth of the Tokbo-shtzr and Tokbo-nub, their beds become very narrow just at the entrance to the main valley, and that, in each instance, a rocky gate is open to the Salley'. The fall of the tributaries is also much steeper than that of the main river. Below the temple, two) hot springs come out with boiling water, sending up clouds of vapour; they are surrounded by calcareous sinter.
IIIFカラー高解像度
