356 m. in a distance of 1.8 km., or at a rate of i : 5. These figures, if compared with those from the plateau-land of Chang-tang, give a very graphic idea of the morphological difference between the two. Looking N. W. from the top of these platform-shaped blocks between the tributaries, one gets the impression of a nearly even country, the surface of which slopes only very slowly towards the Sallej. Through this apparently so even and comfortable land, the southern tributaries of the Sallej have cut down their valleys like canons to a depth of, as in the case of the Dongbo, 356 m., with very steep, sometimes nearly perpendicular slopes on both sides. From Dongbo g-ompa, the road goes in an endless series of zigzags through small valleys and ravines between hills and ridges up to the top or the general surface of the country, which in this way has been carved out by a very energetic erosion.
Three new furrows are crossed, the third considerable and directed to the N. N. W. None of them contained water. There is no grass, only some scarce steppe vegetation. The soil consists of fine gravel. To the N. 2 5° E., there is a flat snow-covered peak on the Ladak Range which separates the valley of the Upper Indus from that of the Sallej. To our left, or S. W., there is a range of moderate height, the continuation of the one mentioned above. This is obviously the Saskar Range belonging to Great Himalaya. After a tiring march up and down, we again suddenly behold a new, deep, wild valley of much the same sort as the Dongbo, and at the side of precipices, we again go directly down to its bottom. The river, called Yungu - tsangpo, now occupied a very little part of the gravelly and sandy floor of the valley. Only 1 km. above the road the river comes out as from a rocky gate, where its narrow gorge widens out into the broader part of the valley crossed by the road. The Yungu-tsangpo was now 18 m. broad, had an average depth of 0.4 m., an average velocity of 1.4 m. and a volume of i o cub. m. per second. So far, we had calculated about 205 cub. m., though the Sallej here certainly carried 300. On the left side, were barley fields and ruined houses. At Camp CCCCLX VII, the absolute altitude was 4,068 m., or only 13 m. below the previous camp. The rock was greenish jasper.
On August 9th, we travelled 18.s km. to the west and N. W. At Camp CCCCLXVII we were at 4,068 m., on the top of the next block at 4,418 m., the rate of the rise being as i : 9, the distance between the camp in the bottom of the Yungu Valley and the edge of the platform being 3.2 km.
From the valley one first ascends two terraces about 25 m. in height; on the top of the uppermost there are barley fields, also arranged as terraces with small irrigation canals and low earth walls. Then the steep rise begins again. A little to the left, are two small, rocky spurs with ruins of houses and walls. Finally we are at the top of this new stiff ascent, with, as usual, a cairn just at the edge. Then
IIIFカラー高解像度
