the territory of Rudok-dsong. In the beginning of December, they had arrived at Rio-Chung, and intended to stay to the middle or end of March. The grass was quite sufficient for their 150 sheep. According to their experience, unusually little snow had fallen this winter.
From Rio-Chung or Cam, CCCXXIV, Pan. 4 I OA and B, Tab. 74, was sketched. To the N. W. is the open prolongation of the latitudinal valley containing Sheiizen-tso. From there and the whole way around across north and east to S. E., are the mountains bounding the valley to the N. E. To the S. S. E. and the S. E. , is the prolongation of the valley. The rest of the panorama belongs to the mountains on the S. W. side of the valley.
On February yth, we marched 11.3 km. S. S. E. The ground rose 27 m., as Camp CCCXXV had an altitude of 4,901 m., the rate was as 1 : 418. The temperature of the night was at -2 8.6° and the weather was calm and clear. The hunters had advised us to stick to the left or southern side of the valley where the ground was said to be more even, at the right side the ground was more undulated and hilly. We, therefore, first crossed the large erosion furrow with the pool, keeping to the south, and then turned S. E., leaving the mouth of a considerable tributary valley from the south, to our right, in the background of which rather high mountains were visible. A flat slope from the southern hills, is crossed, and the direction then becomes south, following the base of the southern hills. East of us an extensive plain extends between the mountains. Its ground consists of dry, barren grey clay, which has become modelled in terraces and furrows by wind and erosion. Soon we came across an ice ribbon between the lowest terraces, at first about 1 o m. broad, then gradually broader south-eastwards, and sending arms and branches in both directions. This ice was formed by a little brook from an open running spring. Several cairns had been built in this vicinity, and at the spring a stone wall was erected, from which hunters shoot animals coming to drink. Here and there . are small patches with tolerable grass. Farther on a second little hillslope is to be crossed, only some 2 0 m. above the floor of the valley. To the N. 75° E. from this point, a large right tributary valley joins our valley. In its lower part, immense ice-sheets are seen, and in its background there is a considerable snow-covered range, the Aru-Iso Range. In the angle between the two valleys, there is an isolated mountain. The whole way up the terraces at both sides of the valley are very well-marked, at about 12, 15 and 2 0 m. respectively above the floor of the valley. They have been eroded by the rivulet of the valley. We continue on the western side of the ice ribbon which gives the illusion of a real river. The space between the terraces and the ice is overgrown with grass. The right terrace is of clay, the left : of fine gravel. The old terraces are more distant. At the side of a second spring, there is also a wall for hunters. Of wild animals now only hares were to
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