was at —19.6°, unusually high, as the absolute altitude was lower than hitherto. The W. S. W. was fresh; at 9 o'clock a. m. the sky was overclouded after a clear night.
Just at Camp CCCXL, our narrow valley again goes over into a broad and open latitudinal valley, which to the north, is bordered by comparatively low hills between which are nearly plain gaps at two or three places. The country is, therefore, very flat, and its character of a plateau-land is obvious. The ground falls to the E. S. E. and S. E., to a depression, from which the floor of the latitudinal valley rises again in the same direction. The ground is hard and consists of finest gravel or coarse sand; sometimes we cross belts of very scarce, coarse gravel. Grass is growing on the plain, though less abundant, as we proceed S. E. Hares are abundant, and foxes live in the hills. Kyangs were grazing in enormous numbers, at least one thousand were seen at a time. Of antelopes, only four individuals could be seen.
At Camp CCCXL, we ascend the left terrace of the brook of the narrow valley. It is about 8 m. high and not pierced by a single ravine of a tributary, which is due to the fact that the northern mountains are so far that their watercourses disappear on their way across the plain. The right terrace, on the other hand, is pierced by several small tributaries from the southern hills, along the base of which the principal bed continues to the E. S. E. The ice and snow in its bottom soon comes to an end. The bed gradually becomes more and more shallow and is soon lost sight of. At the base of a first projecting promontory from the southern mountains, the bed of a larger watercourse is crossed, probably the continuation of the one at Camp CCCXL. At its S. E. side the grass was good, and some other plants of the highland steppe were also growing there. In the broad valley opening here from the south, was a large shallow watercourse. A herd of kyangs at this place numbered 133 individuals and there were four other herds of about the same numbers. In a small valley farther on, a lonely tent was seen. Camp CCCXLI was pitched at the foot of a little detached hill in front of the southern mountains. The living rock of these mountains was grey and reddish white dense limestone. The panorama drawn from this camp is of interest and may be regarded as very characteristic of these parts of interior Tibet, from a general morphological point of view. It is represented as Pan. 424A, B and c, Tab. 77. To the N. 73° W. is the mouth of the large southern valley where the herds of kyangs had been seen; N. 54° W. is the first projecting limestone rock which we had passed. N. 4o° W., the country is very open, and it is not unlikely that a branch of the latitudinal valley continues in this direction, which may be in connection with the valley of LemchungIso. N. 37° W. a comparatively high cupola-shaped mountain is rising. From N. 25° W. across north and east, we see the flat ridges and ramifications bordering the latitudinal valley on the north. E. N. E. and E. S. E., the country is very open. From S. 75° E., S. E., south and S. W., we have the hills on the southern side of the
IIIFカラー高解像度
