the fall of the river still is gradual. As the river here passes in its rocky gorge, the road has to wind amongst the mountains north of it. The descent is, therefore, by no means gradual, on the contrary, the road goes up and down the whole time. It crosses two secondary thresholds, the highest of which is 4,535 m. high or 24o m. above Camp CCCCLXI. Our road at first runs S. W. with a low ridge to the right and swamps and meadows with springs to the left. The projecting spur of the ridge near the Sallej is called Palgye pugu and on its top, there are ruins of walls called Kardong. Just west of the spur, a valley, Charnak-chu, comes down from the region of 7arko-la, so far as it is visible from the N. 6° W. This river was not very swollen ; it was divided in several branches, and an approximate calculation gave a breadth of 73 m., an average depth of 0.15 m., a velocity of 1 m. and a volume of II cub. m. per second. The water was nearly black. Thus the Salley' receives a new considerable addition. The largest tributary so far, is, however, the Halchor-chu, which now is visible, coming like a brownish grey body of water out of its narrow valley to the S. E. If it were true that this river was as big as the Satlej, the joint river should, below its entrance, carry at least 18o cub. m. per second and should, therefore, already here, be much larger than the Tsangto the summer before.
At the junction with the Czarnak-chu, the valley is broad and flat and the Salle] divided into several branches. The landscape begins to assume the features of canons, with very steep slopes and terraces ; at the right side of the Charnakcltu, there is a block standing, at the base of which are the ruins of I o chortens; another chorten is seen on the bank of the Sallej. Just below this widening, the Satlej enters its narrow gorge, where there is no possibility of progress, at least not in this season. The road, therefore, has to cross two ramifications from the mountains on the right side and two secondary thresholds. First one has to cross the mouth of the valley, Tsaldöt, which is narrow and by which no road or path exists to higher regions. On its other side , our road goes very steeply amongst gravel and small furrows up to the first threshold, Tsaldöt-la, from which we have a fine view backwards the way we have come, the valley being visible so far as the drizzle allows. It is a very picturesque view. The ridges and ranges surrounding us are of about the same height and give one the impression of a general evenness. But the Salle/ and its tributaries are deep-cut in nearly vertical canons down through the earth's surface. The Transhimalaya was not in sight on account of the rain. Though the Satlej is quite close to our left, it is not visible, but we see its winding gorge with nearly vertical rocks. Beyond Tsaldöt-la the road may be about 2 00 m. above the river. The ground is rocky or full of gravel and blocks, and sometimes we have real abysses to our left. The first pass is 4,495 m. high , the second one is 4,535 m. From the latter we have a fine view of the slighty winding Satlej
IIIFカラー高解像度
