valley. 2. Dsana, a stony valley. 3. Rung-ma, a favourable valley with water, grazing and fuel. 4. Dug ü yupcha, a mountain with a little lake at its base. 5. Rase-ruva, a valley. 6. Rang-o yü, a valley. 7. Gepu-maro, a large fresh-water lake. 8. Song--ring nzo, a valley. 9. Targo-dont-tso, a little lake. i o. Gyengdeng sherma, a valley. I I. Targo-charuk, a valley with high, black mountains. 12. Tsekamari, a little valley with water. 13. Tarngo pakchen, a place where several small valleys join to form a large one. 14. Sogna, a place with gold sand. 15. Tarngoüja, a little lake. 16. 7unglsong, a district. 17. Ngaz-ung-, a considerable brook situated in the district of Gertse, where our two Tibetans have their tents in summer. From Gertse they reckoned an 8 days' march eastwards to Tok-daurakpa. They had never been in Lhasa or Tashi-lunpo, but Tsering Dava had made the pilgrimage to Tso-rinpoche or Manasarovar. Beginning from Ngarung, in Gertse, he gave the itinerary as follows:
1. Chapcka, a valley with a little water between black mountains. 2. Lärring, a large brook running westwards. 3. Ra-nzonzbo, a place with several ruins. 4. Ngangtsang, a fresh-water lake. 5. Ngolno, a valley with water. 6. Kungra, a valley with water. 7. Taraft, a large fresh-water lake. 8. Onza-Iso, a smaller fresh-water lake. 9. 7igung, a little lake surrounded by mountains. I o. Ombo-long- yung, a little fresh-water lake with bush vegetation. 1 1. Sertsuk, a large valley with a river and with a large lake to the north called Yüshiip-Iso. 12. Pamo, large valley with a river. 13. Paktuk-mombo, a valley with the same river as under 12. 14. I3ushikungka, a small pass. 15. Go (or Gok), a valley with a rivulet. 16. Nienzo-chosek, a valley with water. 17. Mugo-gunkor, a large valley with a little lake. 18. Mugotillep, a small lake. 19. Mugo-ngomzo, a valley with water. 20. Mburr, a valley with water. 21. Tüsa-nanzgo, water in a valley. Here the road divides into two branches, of which the left or eastern one continues yid' 22. Dam-karchen, a valley, 23. Sang nakchä, a plain. 2 4. Lamo-latse, a little pass. 25. Shang-Ise-go, a place on the mountains, from which the Sacred Lake first becomes visible and where it is greeted in a religious and ceremonious way. 26. Yanza-chokcho, a valley. 27. Lung-le', where the road first comes into contact with the Indus. 28. Hom-chuclier, a place with a large river that joins the Indus. 29. Hle-la, a small pass. 3o. Tsomovam or Tso-rinpoche, the Sacred Lake. This road is difficult to identify by the help of our existing maps as most of it goes through unknown country. It starts in the region where Nain Sing, Littledale and I have passed, and is directed W. S. W. to the course of the Indus, being the same road as the one I followed in September, 1907. It must pass very near the district of Yunnba-nzatsen (Pl. 13). Its I 7th station, Mugo-gunkor, is obviously the same as my Mugum-gonzkor, though I am not in a position to say which of the two spellings is most correct. No. 21, Tüsa-nanzgo, is certainly the brook, Tuse-chu, passing near my Camp CCXXX VIII.
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