which carried a very small volume of water, was meandering from the one to the other. Clouds of vapour rose from its bed as well as from the little lake which now became visible to the E. S. E. Yapkak still grew in the region, though more sparsely. At the foot of the red hills to the south and S. W., such plants were very common. Three more snow-storms passed over the country, all from N. W. and S. W., and the whole ground now became covered with a layer of snow about 2 inches thick. Sometimes, when we had good weather, we could see such nearly black storms passing south or north of us, and making the ground white. The Kara-korum Mountains seemed to be more exposed than other parts of the highlands. In the afternoon we even had sunshine for about two hours. I made use of this for sketching Pan. I 6A and i 6B , Tab. 3, which gives an idea of the appearance of the
country around Camp V.
This panorama begins in the W. S. W. and goes all around the horizon back
to W. S. W. The low hills, visible a little to the left of W., are the hills south of the brook not very far W. S. W. of .Camp V. To the west and N. W. is the open plain which is a part of Ling-shz-tang, and is traversed by the brook. From the N. W. over north and N. E. to east, there is a multitude of relatively low hills and ridges pierced by valleys and gorges, and with eternal snow on five or six more distant peaks. Through the valley close to the right of a peak N. 2 3° E. our next day's march proceeds. In the foreground between east and S. 70° E., where the latitudinal valley may be supposed to continue to the E. S. E., there is the little nameless lake, which is to be found on Pl. 1. Then again to the S. E. and south of the lake and at different distances from it, there is a labyrinth of mountain ranges and summits, the farthest of which, as for instance those to the S. 5° E. and S. 2° W., may
possibly belong to the Kara-korum water-parting range. The mountains S. 21° W. to S. 87° W. of Camp V are situated only about 3 km. distant. All the way from S. 62° E. to S. 87° W., or the whole length of Pan. 16 B, we see the very sharply marked right erosion terrace of the brook, which nowadays never is reached by the powerless rivulet, but still stands there very well preserved since the time when the brook carried down a very considerable amount of water, and the lake covered a much greater area than now. Everybody who takes the pain to examine this panorama and to compare it with the map and the absolute altitudes, will get a much clearer conception of this part of Tibet than through any detailed descriptions in words. Thus proceeding from one panorama to the next twice across the whole of Tibet, he will finally have a feeling of having crossed the country himself. In many cases he will recognize the same peaks on two panoramas near each other, and understand that the points where the lines of bearing cross each other give the situation of the peak on the map. In this way the panoramas have been a very valuable assistance to the Swedish officers who have constructed my maps. For
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