Then the ground is very even and overgrown with some vegetation. Suddenly one again stands at the edge of a new canon furrow, sharply marked in the ground and more than I oo m. deep. Therefore, we have to go down to its bottom, where the height was 4,369 m. It did not contain any water now. At its left side we have to ascend exactly as much as we had just descended. On the left edge, there was again a cairn. Our direction, which hitherto has been W. S. W., now becomes S. 2 5° W. on the ridge between the canon valleys. The top of this ridge forms a plain which, to the naked eye, seems to be perfectly level, though it falls slowly towards the valley of the Satlej.
After a march of about 2 km. on this even ridge, we again reach a very deep and energetically eroded canon with a considerable river coming from S. I2° W. and called Shib. It joins another river a little lower down, called Lunak, and coming from S. W. The joint river, Skib, then goes down through a narrow gorge to the Satlej, its course being N. W. The Shib valley was here 243 m., cut down, as at the edge of the plateau at its right side, the height was 4,513 m. and in the bottom of the valley 4,270 m. The name of the place was said to be Kande. At a distance of two short marches to the south and S. W., a black mountain range was visible with some snow peaks of no very great altitude.
Pan. 548, Tab. 105, is a little sketch of the Shib valley to the N. 44° W. A little below Camp CCCCLXIII, the living rock is black schist; then, along the Satlej to the beginning of the gorge it is yellow, fine, crystalline limestone alternating with quartz schist; the same rock prevailed up to the neighbourhood of the first pass. In the deep valley west of Munto-mang-bo-la the living rock is black phyllitic schist, which then seems to prevail the whole way to the camp.
We were accompanied part of the way by a Tibetan yak caravan loaded with tea. No other human beings were seen, and of animals, only I2 Ovis ammon.
On August 6th, we proceeded 19.8 km. west, N. W. and north. At Kande we were at 4,270 m. and at Camp CCCCLXV at 4,396 m. The river Shib, Ship or Shibe-chu, at the right bank of which we had camped, was now 2 2 m. broad, had an average depth of 0.35 m., and an average velocity of 1.5 m. The volume of water was thus I 1.5 cub. m. per second or 12 cub. m. together with a little side branch. It had not rained the last days, otherwise this river would have been considerable. Then we cross the terrace between the Shib and its left tributary for which we could not find any name. The terrace corresponds with the lowest or I o m. terrace we had seen before. On the top of it were a few ruins of houses. The tributary was crossed after we had come down from the terrace; its dimensions were: breadth 9 m., its average depth 0.25 m., and its velocity about 1 m., the volume thus being 2.3 cub. m. per second. Its water was perfectly clear, whilst that of the Shib was as muddy as in the other tributaries. We had so far measured
IIIFカラー高解像度
