IIIFカラー高解像度
国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
| |||||||||
|
| IIIFカラー高解像度 |
| Ancient Khotan : vol.1 | |
| 古代コータン : vol.1 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
|
 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
引用情報
52 HISTORICAL NOTICES OF KASHGAR [Chap. III
SECTION II.—KASHGAR DURING THE HAN EPOCH
Northern route from China.
Notice in the Han Annals.
The earliest account of Kashgar is found in the Annals of the Former Han Dynasty. We owe it to that great expansion of Chinese power into Central Asia which commenced under the Emperor Wu Ti (140-87 B. c.) after the famous journey of Chang Chien (circa 139-127 B. c.) had extended Chinese knowledge of the ' Western Regions ' to the Oxus and the confines of Persia. Appropriately enough Su-16 is first mentioned by the Annals in connexion with the northern of the two great roads which led from the Yü Gate (Yü-mên-kwan) and the region of Sha-chou to the Oxus and Yaxartes 1. This northern road, described as passing through Turfân (the ancient Kao-ch`ang), and thence along the southern foot of the Tien-shan range as far as Su-16, undoubtedly corresponds to the route via Sha-chou, Hâmi, Turfân, Kara-shahr, Kucha, and Ak-su, which still remains the most frequented line of communication between the interior of China and Kashgar. From Su-16 ` this road passing westward across the Tstung-ling mountains, goes on to Ta-wan, K`ang-chü, and the Yen-ts`ai country', regions which were long ago identified with the ancient Sogdiana 2. The well-known route from Kashgar over the Terek Pass into Farghâna forms the direct and easiest approach to them from the whole of the Tarim Basin.
The specific notice of the Annals concerning Su-16 informs us that the kingdom had its capital in the city of Su-16, distant 9,35o li from Chang-an, i. e. the modern Hsi-an-fu. ` The kingdom contains 1,510 families, comprising a population of 8,647, with 2,000 trained troops 3.' The mention of a variety of Imperial officials stationed there shows that Su-16, under the Chinese protectorate, finally organized about the middle of the first century B. c., formed an administrative centre of some consequence. The particular reference made to its ` market for goods ' indicates the early commercial importance of Su-16, and this is amply accounted for by the statement that ` the road to the Ta-Yue-chih, Ta-wan and K`ang-chü lies direct west.' For Chinese trade in the direction both of Sogdiana and Bactria, of the rapid growth of which after Chang Ch`ien's mission the Han Annals give us a series of interesting glimpses, Kashgar must certainly have formed a convenient emporium 4. The road distances recorded in the same notice eastwards to Wu-lei, the seat of the Chinese Governor-General (2,210 li), and southwards to So-chü (56o li), afford us little help, since the position of these two localities cannot be determined with certainty b.
According to an interpretation recently suggested by Dr. Franke 6, we should have to recognize a reference to the foundation of Su-16 in a passage of the Former Han Annals which mentions the migration of the well-known Central-Asian tribe of the ,, whose name is variously transcribed Silk, Sze, Sse, Ssu, Sa, Se, &c., and whose identity with the Sacae of classical records and the Indian akas has long ago been established. We are told there how the king of the Sök or Si, driven forth by the westward pressure of the Great Yüeh-chih, moved south and
haze, like a kind of Ultima Thule. Compare my remarks in the introduction to my Râjataraigini translation, I.
Pp. 3r, 35, also note on Rya. viii. 2762-64.
' See, for a lucid analysis of the historical notices con-
cerning these two ancient routes, Richthofen, China, i. pp.
459 sqq.
g Compare Wylie's translation of Notes on the Western
Regions from the Former Han Annals, in Journal of the Anthropological Institute, x. (z 88o), p. ax ; as regards the
position of Ta-wan (with its capital near the present Uratepe) and of I ang-chit, see Richthofen, China, i. pp. 450 sq.
3 See Wylie, ibid., x. p. 49.
4 Compare Wylie, x. pp. 44 sqq. ; Richthofen, China, i. pp. 455 sqq., 463 sq.
Regarding Wu-lei (Wylie, Wu-luy) see Richthofen, China, i. p. 46o, note 2 ; Wylie, ibid., p. 23.
e See ' Kaschgar und die Kharoghi', Sb.P.A. W., 1903,
pp. 739 sq.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Copyright (C) 2003-2019
National Institute of Informatics（国立情報学研究所）
and
The Toyo Bunko（東洋文庫）. All Rights Reserved.
本ウェブサイトに掲載するデジタル文化資源の無断転載は固くお断りいたします。