IIIFカラー高解像度
国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
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| IIIFカラー高解像度 |
| Scientific Results of a Journey in Central Asia, 1899-1902 : vol.2 | |
| 1899-1902年の中央アジア旅行における科学的成果 : vol.2 |
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引用情報
652 K. B. WIKLUND.
are differentiated only by the quality of their s sound; for example, the East Turkish kasmak = »der Grund, Boden des Kessels oder der in demselben angebrannte Teil der Speise», and kazmak = »graben, herumirren, herumstreifen». But in this present work I was not able to carry out this requisite distinction, because Dr. Hedin when originally noting down his observations on the spot did not discriminate between the two sounds. In some cases I could indeed, with the help of the dictionaries, have corrected his orthography by writing, for example muz = ice, in place of his mus, and kisil = red, in place of kisil. But too often the dictionaries would have proved of no assistance; for this reason therefore I had to abandon the idea of discriminating between the two sounds.
Now similar questions might arise in other languages, so that it is impossible to decide, off-hand and once for all, how far the process of simplification ought to be carried in the transcription of the geographical nomenclature.
II. THE TRANSCRIPTION OUGHT TO BE SO CLEAR THAT IT CANNOT POSSIBLY
BE MISUNDERSTOOD.
If I write the East Turkish word for »stone» in the French way as lack, then the Englishman would pronounce it as falsch and the German as tack, with the guttural sound, whereas the final sound of the word is in reality the same as the English sh in sheep. Consequently the spelling Each may easily be misunderstood by the non-philological reader, and therefore is not a convenient form to adopt.
If, again, I write the East Turkish word for »great», which begins with the same sound as ch in the English child, in the English way as thong, then the Frenchman will pronounce it as scliong and the German with the guttural. Consequently the spelling thong may easily be misunderstood, and is therefore not a convenient form to adopt.
The first sound in the last mentioned word is compounded of two others, a t sound and a sch sound. If now I represent the sch sound by sh, and consequently write. lash; then, to be consistent, I ought to write the latter word lshong. But this word may easily enough be interpreted as Is + hong, that is to say as an »aspirated» is + ong. Aspirated Is sounds of this kind do occur in the Indian languages, in Tibetan, in Chinese, and so forth, and must not, either in the scientific or in the broader transcription, be confounded with the ordinary ts. But even though in the broader transcription one were to embrace is and tsh under one common sign ts,
or for the aspirated ts were to choose some other sign, as for example Es , the sign Esh in the sense of tsch (the English ch) would nevertheless be strange and unfamiliar even to the ear of an Englishman, and one would always be tempted to pronounce lsh as an aspirated Es, and not as tsch. Consequently the use of tsh may easily be misunderstood and therefore is not a convenient form to adopt.
We have already seen that the form ch is not suitable to express the sch sound, and the consequence is that we cannot use tch either to indicate the Escla sound, which is a compound of t + sch.
The Swedish way of spelling the words would be Easj and tjong; but here the sj and tj might readily enough be taken for palatalized s and l.. A Hun-
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