国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ
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| 0035 |
Innermost Asia : vol.2 |
| 極奥アジア : vol.2 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
dropped down into a hollow containing the charming little oasis of Shaftulluk, which stands at an
elevation of close on 3,000 feet. Its luxuriant orchards and arbours are watered by a lively spring
rising about 200 yards higher up. The still green foliage of the fruit trees was delightful to behold
after the barren scenery through which we had passed since we crossed the range. No wonder that a
Ziārat and mosque rose close to the life-giving spring, evidently to mark local worship of ancient date.
Next day an easy march of nineteen miles across a steadily descending Sai, first of stone and
then of gravel, brought us down to the northern edge of the main Turfān oasis. The monotony
was relieved only where the route skirted a portion of the shallow Wadi where the water of Shaftulluk,
after flowing for about three miles below the surface, breaks out again in a little brook and irrigates
in succession three tiny patches of cultivation known as Kichik. After a march of about nine
miles, we crossed a wide dry flood-bed coming from the outer hills. It is joined by several smaller
Wadis farther on and carries occasional drainage towards the deep-cut 'Yār' bed which passes
to the east of the ruined site of Yār-khoto.
The view obtained on our descent of this big gravel glacis was exceptionally wide and clear.
It extended from the snowy peaks of the watershed range right across the dark stretches of Turfān
cultivation to the long white belt of salt-encrusted ground marking the lowest part of the Turfān
depression. In the far distance, the desert hills of the Chōl-tāgh, forming the southern rim of the
basin, came into view in dim outlines. As the ground sloped so uniformly, it was difficult to realize
that the lowest portion of this vast lay close on four-thousand feet below the point of departure
of our march from Shaftulluk. The first strings of Kārēz wells, those characteristic features of
Turfān cultivation, were passed on the bare gravel Sai two miles before we reached the edge of
the cultivated area, as sharply marked off here as elsewhere around Turfān. A couple of miles
more, past open canals and fields that appeared to have been recently brought under cultivation,
brought us to the village tract of Yār-mahalla, where we were hospitably received in the comfort-
able home of Ihrār Khān, the Nōgai owner of a cotton press and late Russian Ak-sakāl.
It only remains for us now to compare the results of our actual survey of the route we have
followed from the ancient site north of Jimasa to Turfān, with what the previously mentioned
itinerary of the T'ang Annals tells us of the journey from Chiao-ho or Yār-khoto to Pei-t'ing.
The passage in Chapter XL of the T'ang shu, according to M. Chavannes' rendering, runs as
follows:¹ᵃ 'Starting from the sub-prefecture [of Chiao-ho 交 河], if one moves northward for 80 li,
one arrives at the hostelry of Lung-ch'üan 龍泉, "the Dragon Spring". Farther to the north,
one enters a mountain gorge and passing through Liu-ku 柳 谷, "the Valley of the Willows",
crosses the [mountain called] Chin-sha ling 金 沙 嶺, "the Mountain of the Golden Sand", at the
end of 130 li. Passing through the Chinese frontier post of Shih-hui 石 會 one arrives at the town
of the Protectorate of Pei-t'ing 北 庭, at the end of 160 li.'
That Chiao-ho, the ancient capital of Turfān, literally '[the town] between the [two] rivers',
is identical with the ruined site of Yār-khoto, 'the town between the Yārs', is subject to no doubt.
Leading thence to the north-north-west the present route towards Jimasa and Guchen brings us
Shaftulluk after a march of approximately 18 miles. This 'Langar' with its fine spring is un-
doubtedly the best halting-place for the traveller who crosses the barren glacis of the mountains
towards the valley that gives the most direct access to the watershed northward. Accordingly we
may quite safely place there the 'hostelry of Lung-ch'üan', 'the Dragon Spring', and recognize
in its name an appropriate Chinese designation for the life-giving fountain in the midst of a stony
wilderness. Chinese fancy has always been as prone to associate striking natural features with
the celestial monsters as Indian imagination is to recognize works of Śiva, &c., in Svayambhū
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268
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278
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288
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298
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309
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319
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329
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339
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351
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361
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371
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381
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391
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403
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413
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424
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435
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445
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457
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467
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477
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487
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497
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507
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517
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527
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537
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547
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557
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567
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577
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587
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597
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607
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617
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627
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637
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647
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657
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667
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677
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687
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697
698
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