Innermost Asia : vol.2 / 330 ページ（カラー画像）

0330	Innermost Asia : vol.2
極奥アジア : vol.2

locations, which general topographical considerations suggest to me, must be considered as partly
conjectural.

Location of
Chi-cho
Kuan and
Yeh-chê
Kuan.

I should be inclined to seek Chi-cho Kuan, the ' inn ' 館 of Chi-cho 濟濁, near Chilan,
a point which the road was bound to pass at all times, and which, owing to its assured water-supply,
must always have formed an important halting-place on a stretch of the route passing arid wastes
on either side. The mention of the old city of Ta-kan 達乾 beyond it suggests a site even then
abandoned to the desert. The distance of 120 li indicated to the next stage, Yeh-chê Kuan
謁者館 (' the visitors' inn '), and the significant term of Kuan 館 occurring in its designation
seem to point to the site of Chong-tim on the ancient and more direct road line. If this location
were right, the ' city of Chū-shih-tê ' 據史德, situated 60 li farther on, might well be sought
to the south-west of the ruins of Lāl-tāgh, where ' Tati ' remains indicate the former existence
of a settlement of some size.²² The distance recorded would agree well with this location ; for the
direct distance between the two last-named sites is, as the Map No. 7. B, C. 4, shows, just one half of
that from Chilan to Chong-tim. But the reference made to Chū-shih-tê as a place ' on the boundary
line of Kuchā ', i. e. Ch'iu-tzŭ 龜茲, is rather puzzling. It is difficult to believe that the territory
of Kuchā could have extended so far westwards, or that, if reference to Chū-shih-tê as a border
town were intended, the text would have been worded as it is ; for the usual practice in these
itineraries is to mention the first place in the new territory reached and not the last of the territory
left behind.²²ᵃ If it were permissible to assume that some mistake has crept into the text here
one might suggest that the name of Ch'iu-tzŭ (Kuchā) has replaced that of Ch'ū-sha or Ch'ia-sha
佉沙, a rendering of the local designation of Kāshgar recorded by Hsüan-tsang and the
T'ang-shu.²⁴

Mention of
' Red
River ', i. e.
Kāshgar-
daryā.

That the T'ang itinerary has here brought us to the immediate vicinity of the hills east and
north-east of Marāl-bāshi is made quite clear by what it next tells us about ' Yü-t'ou Chou 鬱頭州
on the Ku-shih Hill 孤石山 on the north bank of the Ch'ih Ho 赤河 (Red River) '. It appears
to me very probable that this refers to the extensive site to the north-west of Tumshuk, marked by
the ruins of large Buddhist shrines, an ancient circumvallation and numerous dwellings found on,
and close to, the southern end of the rocky hill chain known as Chōl-tāgh.²⁵ Through the wide
gap between it and the smaller Tumshuk-tāgh to the south there passes a dry river-bed, which finds
its continuation partly in the Ghōra-akin, and which undoubtedly represents an old terminal
branch of the Kāshgar river. Considering the general direction which the ancient route must
have followed past Marāl-bāshi and the isolated hills to the east of it, there seems to me be little
doubt that the Kāshgar-daryā is meant by the ' Red River '. The identical name, in the form
of Kizil-su, is still borne nowadays by the main branch of the Kāshgar river, which passes to the
south of the ' Old Town ' of Kāshgar and by the river as a whole higher up (Map No. 2. D. 2).

' Mount
Ch'i '
identified
with
Mazār-
tāgh.

We have another definite topographical indication as to the line of the ancient road where we
are told that it ' crosses the Red River and passes Mount Ch'i 岐山 '. I believe this mountain
may safely be identified with the Mazār-tāgh, the highest and by far the most conspicuous of
the hills which rise above the flat alluvial plain in this region. Its rugged mass stands up to a height
of over 2,500 feet above the Marāl-bāshi oasis, and culminates in two easily distinguished peaks,
for which our clinometrical readings indicated elevations of 6,330 and 5,910 feet respectively.
These peaks attract the traveller's attention from a very considerable distance, and obviously

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